Up First from NPR
FBI Director Wray To Step Down, U.S. Life Expectancy, DNC Seeks New Leadership
Thu, 12 Dec 2024
What does a change at the top mean for the FBI? Director Christopher Wray announced he will resign next month. Shooting an insurance executive in the back produced a disturbing response about America's healthcare industry. The Democratic National Committee is meeting in Washington over the next two days to reflect on the election results and hear pitches from candidates for leadership positions.Want more comprehensive analysis of the most important news of the day, plus a little fun? Subscribe to the Up First newsletter.Today's episode of Up First was edited by Anna Yukhananov, Diane Webber, Megan Pratz, HJ Mai and Alice Woelfle. It was produced by Ziad Buchh, Nia Dumas and Ben Abrams. We get engineering support from Neisha Heinis and our technical director is Carleigh Strange.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy
Chapter 1: What does Director Wray's resignation mean for the FBI?
What does a change at the top mean for the FBI?
Director Christopher Wray is resigning. President-elect Trump appointed him in 2017, but now he wants a nominee who promised retribution for Trump's critics.
I'm Steve Inskeep with A. Martinez, and this is Up First from NPR News. shooting an insurance executive in the back produced a disturbing response, and that includes real-life conversations about health care. So our correspondent pursues a question. Why do we spend so much on health care for a life expectancy that is comparatively low?
And what do Democrats want from their next party chair? The Democratic National Committee is meeting in Washington over the next two days to reflect on the election results and hear pitches from candidates. Stay with us. We've got all the news you need to start your day.
We now know how the FBI director will respond to the president-elect who wants to replace him.
President-elect Trump appointed Christopher Wray during his first term back in 2017, but now Trump wants to nominate a loyalist, Kash Patel, and made it clear he wants Wray to go. The director says he will step down at the end of the Biden administration next month and three years before the end of his term.
NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas is covering this story, and he's come by our studios very early this morning. Ryan, good to see you.
Good morning. So how did Ray explain his decision? Well, Ray made this announcement in a town hall that he had yesterday with FBI employees. And what he said is that he's given this a lot of thought, and he came to the conclusion that stepping down in January with the change in administration is the right thing to do for the FBI.
He said this is the best way to avoid, as he put it, dragging the Bureau deeper into the fray. He also said this.
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Chapter 2: Why is America's life expectancy comparatively low?
This job, of course, comes with a 10-year term, something that in theory is supposed to insulate it from partisan politics. Wray certainly defended the Bureau's independence. He tried to keep it out of the political fights on Capitol Hill. But that was almost impossible to do with the sort of politically charged investigations that the FBI has been involved in over the past several years.
And I'm thinking here of the Russia investigation, the investigation into the January 6th attack on the U.S. Capitol, the investigation into President Biden's son, Hunter. And then, of course, there are the investigations into Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election, as well as his mishandling of classified documents.
Trump was and remains, as we noted at the top, a fierce critic of Wray and the FBI. But I have to say, he's not alone. Republicans on Capitol Hill have also soured on Wray over the seven years that he's led the FBI. Some of that relates to Trump and some of it is because of separate issues.
Got it. Okay. So now the confirmation fight is over Kash Patel, the nominee to replace Wray. What are his prospects?
Well, look, Patel is a polarizing figure. He's a close ally of Trump. He worked at the Justice Department then on Capitol Hill and held Several positions in the first Trump administration. He is seen as a loyalist. He's talked a lot in public about dismantling the deep state, going after Trump's perceived political enemies.
That includes in the FBI, the Justice Department, elsewhere in the government, but also in the media, something, of course, that Democrats are concerned about. Like Trump, Patel claims that the justice system has been weaponized against Trump and conservatives more broadly. A lot of Republicans agree. They are frustrated with the FBI. They think it needs a shakeup.
And they see Patel as someone who wants to do that. So at this point, at least, Patel doesn't appear to be generating the sort of blowback that some of Trump's other picks have. But we're still more than a month away from Trump's inauguration. So we're going to have to see how this all plays out.
And Pierre's Ryan Lucas will be covering it, whatever happens. Good to see you.
Thanks, Steve.
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Chapter 3: What issues are affecting the U.S. healthcare system?
Chapter 4: Who is Kash Patel and what are his prospects?
Thanks, Steve.
At first, the targeted killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson triggered a flood of posts about America's health insurance industry.
Yeah, even disturbing celebrations. Now, since suspect Luigi Mangione's arrest, some attention has turned to a handwritten note that police say they found on him. According to the AP, which obtained a copy, the note talked about the disconnect between the expensive health care system and low life expectancy in the United States.
And that is something NPR's Selena Simmons-Duffin has reported on a lot. So she's here to tell us more about it. Selena, how long are Americans expected to live for?
Well, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's latest calculations put America's life expectancy at 77 and a half years. And that's quite low compared to the life expectancy for countries like Canada and Japan and Australia. The average for high income countries is 80 years. So at 77 and a half years, American life expectancy is on par with countries like Ecuador and Croatia.
OK, so what more does that figure tell us, though?
Well, life expectancy isn't just do elderly people live to 77 or 80, just a few years difference. It really captures people dying at all stages of life. And in the U.S., there are a few things that researchers say pull our life expectancy numbers down.
All of the problems everybody knows about, about how expensive and fragmented and frustrating our health care system is, that contributes, but it is not the whole story. Here is Dr. Stephen Wolf of Virginia Commonwealth University, who's written a lot on this topic.
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Chapter 5: How does America's life expectancy compare to other countries?
Research shows that about 10 to 20 percent of health outcomes are attributable to health care. So the majority of the reason for poor life expectancy in the United States exists outside of the health care space.
Outside of the health care space. So, you know, what are those factors?
Well, there's everything from poor diet and physical inactivity to child poverty to traffic fatalities. It would be nice if there was just one simple answer, but the truth is it's really complicated. Wolf worked on a landmark report about 10 years ago on this. It's 400 pages long. It's called Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. He says public policies also play a role.
For example, lax regulation of industries and products can lead to health problems.
We see it in the food industry. We see it in the firearm industry. The opioid epidemic began with the licensing of OxyContin, a drug that other countries throughout Europe and elsewhere would not approve.
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Chapter 6: What factors contribute to low life expectancy in the U.S.?
Drug overdoses account for many deaths of young people, people in their prime. And that is one thing that drives U.S. life expectancy down compared to countries that don't have an opioid epidemic.
But I heard Dr. Wolf mention the firearm industry. So what role does gun violence play?
Well, gun deaths in people in their youth and midlife is another big reason why the US has lower life expectancy. Guns have been the leading cause of death for Americans under age 17 for several years now. One expert I've spoken with estimates that two years of the difference between the US and other countries could be attributed to the ready availability of guns here.
Chapter 7: What is the role of healthcare in determining life expectancy?
So there is an irony to this. The victim in this case, the case that sparked this conversation is UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson was only 50 years old when he was fatally shot.
That's NPR's health policy correspondent, Selina Simmons-Duffett. Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
The next chair of the Democratic National Committee will have their work cut out for them.
Yeah, the party lost control of the White House and the Senate and failed to retake control of the House of Representatives. They're also out of power in most states. Over the next two days, top DNC members will meet in Washington to discuss rules for picking new leadership and reflect on 2024.
NPR's Stephen Fowler has been talking with Democrats across the country about last month's election results and also about what might come next. So, Stephen, the future of the Democratic Party is probably not going to be solved in the next few months, but its leader will be. What's that process going to look like?
So today the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee meets. It's going to be very mundane. They're working through logistical things like how many signatures you need to be nominated for these positions, key deadlines, and other procedural stuff.
There's also going to be four forums for leadership candidates in January ahead of the vote, both virtually and in person, for people to make their pitch ahead of the vote February 1st. It's important to note, A, that those with a say here are not everyday Democrats, but
rather about 450 Democratic lawmakers, elected committee members, activists, and state party chairs like the head of the Mississippi Democrats, State Representative Sheck Taylor. He told me this week it's also important to note that Democrats aren't in the White House or in control of either chamber of Congress.
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