Professor Jonathan Morris
Appearances
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So a bit more boring than it.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I guess Sophie's right, although I suppose... She's right with the one problem that Pope Clement never, as far as we know, actually really did this. Everyone tells us this is all over the internet, blah-de-blah. I'm sorry to say I've never, ever managed to find any documentary proof or any evidence that this ever happened, but it is a brilliant marketing story.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So the story goes that they took him the coffee and he sort of sips it and says, this devil's drink's delicious. We're going to baptise it. We're going to make it a good Christian thing. So we think that contextually what he's doing is claiming coffee for Christianity. In other words, what he's doing is getting away from his fear that it will be perceived as a Muslim pleasure.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
In a way, yes, we do. I mean, what we certainly see is the spread of the notion of the coffee house as well as the spread of coffee. So coffee slightly predates the coffee house in the sense we have coffee in Europe in the first half of the century. In the second half of the century, we begin to see really the coffee house taking off as an institution.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Actually, this is Britain's greatest contribution to coffee, in my personal view, because once you kind of really go into it, actually, the date suggests that the first thing that is definitively a coffee house, i.e. a place that you go, get served coffee, sit around, drink it, have a chat, is here in London in 1652 to 1654, because we have a guy called Pasquare Rose, a Who sets this up?
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
There are people who talk about coffee houses being present in Italy, but when you look at those, they look more like places that sell coffee beans. So Pasquaro Rosé comes over. He is recruited by a local businessman here, comes over as his manservant, then opens his coffee house under his patronage near St. Michael's Church in Cornhill, just by the Bank of England.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And with two years, he's actually got a proper coffee house. By 1663, we've got 82 coffee houses in London. So the explosion in London is enormous. By 1735, we've got about 530 of them. Why England is quite interesting, because I think the actual answer to that is because the guilds in England are quite weak.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So whereas in France, there's quite a strong action about, well, which guild would be allowed to sell coffee? And it takes them quite a while to work it out. In England, you know, the guilds don't have any real powers. Power.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, that is right. I mean, there are, as you can imagine, there are different kinds of coffee houses for different kinds of people. But a lot of the coffee houses become places where people are transacting, as it were, some form of business. I'm going to mention Jonathan's because, after all, I should. And Jonathan's is really the sort of the origin of the London Stock Exchange.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Traders meeting there, trading bonds, etc. Lloyd's. Lloyd's is a coffee house. So, hang on. Lloyds of London. Lloyds of London.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Stimulant. Stimulant.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
But then you get other ones where you kind of bring together, you know, your clientele comes together and they're a very particular kind. So you would have people who were interested in science as in science as was understood then. It's a natural philosophy at the time. Yeah, exactly. Who would come together to debate things.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
You would get people who are interested in politics who come together to debate politics. One of the origins of the ballot box is supposed to be that, you know, a ballot box was invented for holding debates in coffee houses because you would then have to go around and get everyone to vote. So you get them to throw their ballot into a box. Oh, really? Yeah, absolutely.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I suspect they fished it out of the tent, would be my guess.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
They're small cups.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
They are small cups. So those kind of demi, whatever, demi-tasse type thing. But that's a lot of caffeine. It's still a lot of caffeine. He did like them quite a lot. I mean, they turned him from being, what did he say? You know, they turned him from violent anger to sweet joy. A lot of the people in this early period drank coffee as a kind of a stimulus, as a kind of muse.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So you'd find musicians doing it, poets doing it, this kind of thing. It's very much a part of their process.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
There are both of those things, I think. I mean, there's a fascination and a repulsion, and they both come into it. Okay. In the sense that, you know, you get this thing that, you know, when the Turks come and visit, usually in delegations, they might bring their coffee with them. People get very turned on, as it were, to, you know, the Turkish way of life and the things that they do.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And, I mean, the great example is in France, where... Yeah. There's this sort of story, and we're not quite sure how it happened, but sort of somebody comes. The idea is that they're going to be the emiracy to Louis XIV. And they essentially tell Louis XIV that, yes, they're actually from this absolutely grand sultan. And Louis XIV says, no one's more grand than me, mate. Go away.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And so he stays there for a year. Now, exactly how this works, but they set up a whole kind of Turkish house for this delegation. And they start hosting members of the French nobility and French court and plying them with coffee and other sort of Turkish delicacies. And this creates this whole phenomenon of what they call Turkomania.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And that sort of does, in one hand, fuel the sort of the start of coffee. And it's that sort of trendy thing. But then on the other, there's this thing about, well, what do we do with this coffee?
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
How do we kind of make it a little bit more us? The answer to that is, well, we'll throw in milk, our milk.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I am a coffee drinker. I'm beginning to think it's also a murder weapon within the context of this studio.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So really by the very end of the 1600s, the 1700s really. So what has happened is that the Ottomans have really kind of controlled the trade in coffee. It's all done through the port of Al-Makar or what we call Mokka. And so, yeah, absolutely. And they're very careful to try and protect that and make it a monopoly.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And of course, as coffee becomes more popular in Europe, so the European trading companies, A, start calling into Mocha to pick up coffee. But B, are thinking, well, how do we make our supply a bit more secure? Because it's actually very difficult to get coffee in Yemen. You can wait literally a year to fill up your ship. Eventually, the Dutch managed to get hold of some coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
which they find actually growing in India. They take it to Indonesia. They plant it on the island of Java originally. So that's the first time that coffee is really grown outside of its sort of indigenous areas. Then also the French get hold of it, the other European powers. And the place that they then take it, the French take it to the Isle of Bourbon.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
which is now Réunion of Africa, but really the big place is the Caribbean. Sure. They go to the Caribbean, plant coffee in a variety of places. The Dutch plant it on Suriname. The French plant it in what was then their colony called Saint-Domingue, which becomes Haiti.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Just to make this absolutely explicit, that is plantation coffee grown by enslaved people. Right, okay. So that's the key thing.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So the Brits, they're sort of one period, but they really get into coffee when they take over the island of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, from the Dutch. They're going to Ceylon and the overthrow, actually, there's an area called the Kingdom of Kandy. It's kind of indigenous sort of areas, in the interior. They then kind of clear down the forests and want to sort of introduce production.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And what they think is the ideal crop is coffee. It's a pretty destructive process. So they kill off a lot of the wildlife, kill off 60% of the salon's elephants. Oh, no. No, really bad. They also bring over to work this a lot of workers from Tamil Nadu, Tamils from India, on a kind of, you know, indentured labour type schemes.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I think the easiest way to say these people are not well treated. Lots of them die. I mean, this is totally new territory for them. They're marched all the way up into the island. So it is not a great scenario. So this is 1815, this deforestation and plantation. Yeah, exactly. If you think about Sri Lanka now, we think about Sri Lanka and tea. Yeah.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And indeed, when you think about Britain, you think about tea. That's where a lot of our tea came from. But actually what happened is in the 1860s, really 1869 was the beginning of this disease called coffee leaf rust. And that absolutely destroys the plantations. And so rather than replant with coffee, which would probably get diseased again, they replant with tea.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And the other thing to say is that that coffee leaf rust does not stop in Sri Lanka. That destroys pretty much most of the production in the whole of Asia. You know, you've had probably about a third of coffee production was in Asia in the sort of 1860s. And by the 1900s, it's probably about a 20th.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yes. So actually, no, in one sense. I think Sophie's right both times, which is quite an achievement given that she put two different centuries in there. Because, you know, yeah, there's coffee in America being sold in America. I mean, there's a first person's license to sell coffee, something called Dorothy Jones, and that's in 1670. So, I mean, it's in colonial America. Well done, Sophie.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
You can take the point. There is a big legend that goes, you know, the Boston Tea Party is the moment in which, you know, Americans stop drinking tea and start drinking coffee despite the British.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
As a patriotic act. It's one of those things that doesn't really stand up. Come on. I'm sorry about that. But basically what they won't do after that is drink anything British. What... does really kick off coffee in the States. I think it's really two events. One key one is the Civil War.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And the Civil War, if you like, there is almost an explanation of the Civil War that goes one side has coffee and the other doesn't. And the side that has coffee, which is actually the north, win. Because they give their troops coffee, enough coffee to probably serve maybe even 10 cups of coffee a day. So they have a coffee ration. Which is one fifth of Voltaire's daily intake.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So it's barely anything. Exactly. Yeah, yeah. So this is why they only fired guns rather than write poetry, presumably.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, exactly. There's only so much. But the generals recognised coffee is kind of comforting, it's warm, it's very easy to do. And it's a stimulant. And it's a stimulant. And that kind of creates a class of people who then want to drink coffee thereafter. And then at the same time, and this goes back to your point about the 1880s, right?
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
That's the point of obviously mass immigration into America from Europe. So getting coffee is kind of a proof of arriving in America and having made America. Do you see what I mean? It's an aspirational thing in Europe. You get to America, you can probably drink coffee because the coffee is more easily obtained.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you. Thank you.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you. Thank you.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So what is coffee in the wild? We call it a tree, but it's really more like a shrub. It kind of grows underneath, as it were, the forest canopy. So you go into the forest, you'd find these shrubs. They'd be about sort of eight feet tall, something like that. It has beautiful white flowers. Those turn into red cherries. Inside the red cherries are the seeds.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you. Thank you.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
The seeds, which we for some reason call beans, are what we use to make the coffee. So we have to kind of get the seeds out and turn that into coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
There is caffeine in those seeds beans. And reputedly, it's there to put off some of the insects that might otherwise prey on the coffee. However, it also enchants the bees that pollinate it.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah. Yeah. And I think one of the things you say about the original Starbucks is actually the original Starbucks just sells coffee beans. And what it's doing is selling a whole different sets of varieties of coffee beans. So what it's saying is it's not just coffee. There are all these different kind of coffees. They have all these different kinds of flavors and processes, etc.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And you should pick one that you like. And it's this sort of speciality coffee idea is that this is therefore not ordinary coffee. It's not the stuff that you're getting in the supermarket, but it's something quite distinctive. So you're like, it's like wine, it's like whiskey or whatever. It's this sort of differentiated product, if you like, making coffee a premium product.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And, you know, the actual sort of meaning of specialty coffee has gone through various phases since then. But that's the kind of the focus of it is that the focus is on the coffee itself and how that coffee is distinctive from ordinary commodity coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And it's the seeds, beans, that we import green and then roast to get the colour of coffee that we know and the smell of coffee that we know and the taste.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
OK, well, I'm going to start with the risen old farmer who has proudly showed us around his beautiful coffee red cherries drying on the patio outside his house in the province of Lampung in Sumatra. And so I asked him who he's going to sell those to. And he said, no one. Those are the best quality. I'm keeping them for myself.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And I can't tell you how much that answer made me happy and moved me because the coffee trade has long continued to reproduce the structures of its colonial past.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
A crop that indigenous peoples were forced to cultivate by foreign fiat that was often tended by unfree labor, enabling the price to consumers in, as it were, the global north to be kept low at the expense of producers in the global south. Unsurprisingly then, very few producer countries adopted coffee drinking into their own culture.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Post-independence, many former colonies continued to actively prevent coffee being consumed within the country in order to garner precious foreign exchange reserves. It's still not unusual to meet farmers who have never tasted any form of coffee, let alone sampled their own coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
When I first began my research into coffee in the early 2000s, the trade appeared to be in somewhat of an existential crisis. For four consecutive years, the benchmark price for commodity coffee was below that of the cost of production, leading literally to starvation among families that depended upon it for their livelihood.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
The price collapse was caused by an excess of global production over demand, particularly as Brazil and Vietnam upped their output and sought to undercut their competitors. Paradoxically, this coincided with the explosion of the modern coffee shop format exemplified by Starbucks. Today, the picture looks very different. Prices are at their highest since the 1970s.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So the natural habitat is really in Ethiopia, southwest Ethiopia. And from there they have spread around the world. There are about 120 species of coffee, but the one that we use the most, which is called Arabica, is of course from Ethiopia.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
While some of that is due to the impact of climate volatility on supply, an underpinning factor is the growth of demand in new markets, including that of producer countries themselves. Asia is driving this, with more coffee shops per capita in Seoul than in Seattle.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
China has increased its green coffee imports by 50% in the last five years, much of it from Vietnam, while Indonesia itself now consumes 40% of its coffee. The transnational culture of coffee consumption that has taken off offers both a sustainable future for the global coffee industry and a way out of those colonial hangos of the past.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Thank you, Greg, and enjoy your coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I think Sophie should be writing the origin myth now. Definitely an improvement. The real origin myth, well, it's just real origin myth. It's not real. It's really about the goat herd. A guy called Caldy, and he sees his goats, and they're dancing away.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And he's saying, what's going on? And he's seeing that they're eating these red berries, and then they're starting to dance. Caldy thinks, hmm. Red berries, let's see what I can do.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Takes a few berries on himself, throws some very good moves, decides to take these back, goes to the kind of scholar in his local village, and the guy tries them, doesn't like them, throws them on the fire, somehow or other... smells that smell that you really liked and says, oh, we should take these, grind them down, make a coffee beverage with it. And that is the story of how coffee is formed.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And that's an Ethiopian heritage. It's an Ethiopian heritage. It's really from the sort of the southwest of Ethiopia. There are a few other stories.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, that's right. Apparently the angel Gabriel came down and said to Solomon, you know, roast and throw some coffee beans and you'll cure the illness of the entire town. You'll make them lively and active again, etc.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
I think what we can best say is we've got the first Arabic manuscript that mentions coffee that we can definitively say mentions coffee. And that's written in about 1515, written by a guy with a very long name that ends in Al-Jazari. It concentrates and tells his version of the story of coffee. And in it, he highlights that another sort of Sufi mystic, a man called Al-Dubani, was
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
said that the Sufis should bring over coffee to Yemen from Ethiopia to consume in place of cat, which was in short supply, because this would enable them to sort of stay awake and go into their trance-like state while they were carrying out their nightly devotions. So that seems to be the most viable option, as it were, for what we can say is sort of the earliest clear use of coffee in that way.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
That's our earliest reference. There's bits in the famous physician who we used to call Avicenna, who kind of wrote loads of books. There's some references there to something that you might think is coffee, but you could equally label as almost anything else based on that description. So we don't know for sure.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And what we can say is probably that obviously the indigenous people in southwest Ethiopia, in Kaffa in particular, were probably using coffee for a variety of things, but foraging the coffee, not growing it.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, essentially coffee kind of circulates through the Middle East up the Red Sea, that kind of diaspora, really the kind of sort of Islamic diaspora around there. The big next stage is, in a sense, at a certain point, the Yemenis start growing the coffee themselves. Sure. And that's quite a big transformation.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So what we can also definitively say is they are the first to cultivate coffee as opposed to forage coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, so probably relatively quickly in the 1500s. The thing is that the big question here and why this is so important in Islam is, is coffee licit to drink? Is coffee intoxicating? Because if it is, you shouldn't be drinking it.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
But if it is not intoxicating, then you could start drinking it. And if you could start drinking it, well, of course, then you're going to start socialising around it. So it creates the possibility, as it were, to move beyond the religious and start actually meeting up to drink coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Well, this becomes a very challenged thing, right? So it kind of goes to a debate, almost goes to trial. Can you drink coffee? And it's occasioned by this pasha in Mecca. who basically sees people drinking coffee outside the mosque and then kind of arrests them and stages a trial of whether it's legitimate to drink coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, I'm finding Sophie's inherent knowledge of coffee is very impressive here. Yeah, I mean, that is, I think, what we really know, because I think what they're actually trying to ban, what certainly the Skyfield Kai Begfeld threatens about, is are these people saying things that we don't want them saying to each other?
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
are they passing on ideas or doing things you know exactly okay the upshot of this is that actually for a while public gatherings around coffee are banned but coffee drinking is not but the end practice result is that actually it becomes something that people do socialize with and this moves into the creation of the coffee house etc so it begins to become at that point a social drink it's used a lot by students for example what a change that might be for students in the 15th century how would
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Did that work? Yes.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah. The Ottomans basically sort of take over influence in the peninsula. Yeah. We can kind of trace the way that the coffee house moves up through Aleppo, Damascus and eventually arrives into Istanbul. And Suleiman at first is very welcoming and then 10 years later he wants them all closed. The reason again seems to be about, if you like, the fear of what might be going on in the coffee houses.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Mm-hmm. The stated reasons are, you know, well, this is all a bit dubious. There might be things being consumed there that aren't actually coffee. There might be gaming. There might be gambling. There are some interesting questions about the status of the, as it were, the serving boys. So there are things that he thinks or articulates are wrong with coffee houses.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And then there's the underlying assumption that we have that, again, is Suleiman worried that people might be going around saying he's not so magnificent.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, it comes in a little bit before. I mean, we have the usual thing of travellers in the sort of the Middle Eastern regions reporting back on coffee. There's a clergyman from England, William Biddulph, writes a letter from Aleppo in 1600 describing coffee or describing, you know, the common drink called koffer, which is a black kind of drink made of a common pulse like peas called kava.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
which are being ground and milled and boiled in water. They drink it as hot as they can suffer it, which is pretty much a description of how you drink coffee today. We know in Venice, which obviously was a port city, you'd have a lot of Turkish merchants in there. One of them died in Venice in about 1575. He was murdered, right? He was murdered. Yeah, he didn't just die, he was killed. Exactly.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
So they had an investigation. So obviously he had to go and look at his stuff. And in it, they found little coffee cups. So we kind of deduced from that that coffee was beginning to be drunk in Venice, at least by those sort of, you know, expatriate merchants. But he certainly had the gear. I think that's what we can say. When they went to investigate his stuff, he had the gear.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
Yeah, Finjan. And it's a very small little cup, the historic version of what you now get in a Turkish restaurant if you have a Turkish coffee at the end of a meal. So very small. From that, then we begin to hear things about coffee being used as a medicine, sold by apothecaries, so you could be prescribed coffee.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
This is a fun one because people kind of look at a cappuccino today and think it looks like a monk because it's got the white on the top. So it must be the bald shaved monk. Right. And then it's got a little bit of brown on the outside. But actually, it originates from Vienna and it's cappuccino.
You're Dead to Me
History of Coffee: from devil’s brew to our favourite beverage
And really what it is, is the amount of milk I want in my coffee to make it the color of the robes that cappuccins wear. Because actually, cappuccins don't do tonsure.