294 | Addy Pross on Dynamics, Stability, and Life
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Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas
1h 15m
6 speakers
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Hello, everyone, and welcome to the Mindscape Podcast. I'm your host, Sean Carroll. In physics, we're very used to talking about balls rolling down hills. This is one of our paradigmatic examples of a physical system that you can study to death. And it's very familiar in your everyday life that if a ball rolls down a hill and it comes down to the valley at the bottom of the hill, eventually it will stop there. It might roll around a little bit, bump into some things, but it will come to rest. And if you just took your first year physics course straightforwardly to heart, it would say that that shouldn't happen because energy is conserved. If a ball rolls down the hill one way, it will roll up the hill the other way to exactly the height that it started at originally because of conservation of energy. Of course, no one's really worried about this. We know that in the real world there is friction, there is dissipation, there's air resistance. The ball makes noise and that generates heat and things like that.
So the energy is dissipated into the environment and it makes perfect sense to us that the ball ends up on the bottom of the hill. Why am I telling you this? Because physicists have a way of thinking about structures that persist for extended periods of time. Stable structures, in other words. The ball rolling down a hill and getting to the bottom of the valley is a paradigmatic example. That ball is going to stay there unless someone picks it up or some other force comes along and moves it. In a world with friction... you can distinguish between the total energy of a system and what is called the free energy of the system, the energy that is available to do work. And that free energy is degraded, is used up by friction, entropy-increasing processes in general.
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6 identifiedMore from Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas
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Mindscape Ask Me Anything, Sean Carroll | August 2026