Sean Carroll

You say, I have Einstein's equation in general relativity. Under assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy, this turns into a differential equation for the scale factor of the universe, the relative size of the universe at different times, called the Friedmann equation. And the Friedmann equation depends on the sources of matter and energy and curvature in the universe.

You say, I have Einstein's equation in general relativity. Under assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy, this turns into a differential equation for the scale factor of the universe, the relative size of the universe at different times, called the Friedmann equation. And the Friedmann equation depends on the sources of matter and energy and curvature in the universe.

the amount of ordinary matter, dark matter, radiation, vacuum energy, et cetera. And with all of these ingredients, the specification of what those ingredients are, how much matter, how much radiation, et cetera, at any one moment of time allows you to predict what the observed relationship should be between a redshift and a distance.

the amount of ordinary matter, dark matter, radiation, vacuum energy, et cetera. And with all of these ingredients, the specification of what those ingredients are, how much matter, how much radiation, et cetera, at any one moment of time allows you to predict what the observed relationship should be between a redshift and a distance.

And then you match the data to the observations and you figure out, aha, the data will match the observations if 70% of the universe is dark energy, vacuum energy, 30% is matter, and 10 to the minus 4 is radiation, something like that. Now, when we explain this to people, they don't want to hear that. They want to hear the universe is accelerating or the universe is not accelerating.

And then you match the data to the observations and you figure out, aha, the data will match the observations if 70% of the universe is dark energy, vacuum energy, 30% is matter, and 10 to the minus 4 is radiation, something like that. Now, when we explain this to people, they don't want to hear that. They want to hear the universe is accelerating or the universe is not accelerating.

And that's true. Those are accurate statements. The universe is accelerating right now. But the way that you actually get there is this very careful procedure of matching data with theoretical predictions. Ken Wolf says, I recall you saying that you are not fond of the old-fashioned cocktail because it depends too much on sweetness for its flavor.

And that's true. Those are accurate statements. The universe is accelerating right now. But the way that you actually get there is this very careful procedure of matching data with theoretical predictions. Ken Wolf says, I recall you saying that you are not fond of the old-fashioned cocktail because it depends too much on sweetness for its flavor.

Is there any whiskey or scotch-based cocktail that you do like, or is anything more than a splash of water simply not acceptable? Well, look, everything's acceptable. I hope I've been clear about that. You can do whatever you like. I have my own preferences. If you include American whiskeys like bourbon and rye, then certainly I love lots of cocktails with whiskeys. I'm a huge fan of Manhattan's.

Is there any whiskey or scotch-based cocktail that you do like, or is anything more than a splash of water simply not acceptable? Well, look, everything's acceptable. I hope I've been clear about that. You can do whatever you like. I have my own preferences. If you include American whiskeys like bourbon and rye, then certainly I love lots of cocktails with whiskeys. I'm a huge fan of Manhattan's.

among other things. I don't know exactly what the definition of whiskey is as opposed to other spirits. So I don't know, you know, is brandy whiskey? Is cognac whiskey? I think typically not, but they're comparable. They're similar in certain ways to bourbon or rye. Scotch is notoriously a spirit that is hard to turn into cocktails, right?

among other things. I don't know exactly what the definition of whiskey is as opposed to other spirits. So I don't know, you know, is brandy whiskey? Is cognac whiskey? I think typically not, but they're comparable. They're similar in certain ways to bourbon or rye. Scotch is notoriously a spirit that is hard to turn into cocktails, right?

It's so unique and it's so flavorful on its own that either drinking a neater over an ice cube is how I would generally go. Kelly Hoogland says, what do you think the average person misunderstands the most about artificial intelligence and large language models?

It's so unique and it's so flavorful on its own that either drinking a neater over an ice cube is how I would generally go. Kelly Hoogland says, what do you think the average person misunderstands the most about artificial intelligence and large language models?

For me, I've heard a lot of buzz about how ChatGPT is much more water and energy intensive than a standard Google search, a fact which people are now using as a moral argument against people using it at the individual level.

For me, I've heard a lot of buzz about how ChatGPT is much more water and energy intensive than a standard Google search, a fact which people are now using as a moral argument against people using it at the individual level.

I feel like this completely misses the mark and is analogous to shaming someone for forgetting to bring their own grocery bag and turning a blind eye to corporations profit maximizing behavior. In my opinion, this is a greater misunderstanding than the fear that AGI is going to take over and start ruling us.

I feel like this completely misses the mark and is analogous to shaming someone for forgetting to bring their own grocery bag and turning a blind eye to corporations profit maximizing behavior. In my opinion, this is a greater misunderstanding than the fear that AGI is going to take over and start ruling us.

Maybe that's possible, but, you know, plenty of people do shame each other for not bringing their own grocery bags. This is just a feature of human nature. It's not a great feature of human nature. I'm on your side about deploring it.

Maybe that's possible, but, you know, plenty of people do shame each other for not bringing their own grocery bags. This is just a feature of human nature. It's not a great feature of human nature. I'm on your side about deploring it.