Narendra Modi
Appearances
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I remember when I was a student, I had a teacher whose learning techniques still greatly appeal to me today. He would give us children specific instructions. To one child he would say, tomorrow bring exactly 10 chickpeas from home. To another he might request, bring 15 grains of rice, no more, no less. A third child could be told, bring 21 mung beans, precisely that number.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Different students got different quantities and varieties. So each child would think, I need to get exactly 10. And counting them at home helped them memorize numbers naturally. Then they'd learn what chickpeas were. And after returning to school, they'd pool it all. The teacher would then ask, Take out ten chickpeas, three chickpeas, two mung beans.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This way, children learned math and could identify chickpeas and mung beans effortlessly. I'm talking about early childhood education here. Such learning techniques educate children without burdening them, and we've incorporated similar methods into our new education policy. When I was in school, I observed one of my teachers using an innovative idea.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
On his very first day, he placed a diary on the table and said, whoever arrives earliest each morning will write one sentence in this diary along with their name. The next student would then need to write a related sentence. At first, I'd rush to school very early every day. Why? So that I could write the first sentence. I once wrote something like, Today's sunrise was magnificent.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It filled me with energy. I'd write my name, and whoever arrived after me had to write something connected to the sunrise as well. After a few days, I realized my creativity wasn't improving much from this. Why? Because I'd arrived with a fixed thought already in mind and simply write it down. So I decided I'd start going last instead.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
What happened then was that I'd read what others had written first and then try to give my very best. As a result, my creativity began to improve even more. Sometimes teachers do these small, simple activities that greatly impact your life. These experiences, combined with my own background in organizational work, made human resource development a key area of focus for me.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
That's why I engage with children through events once or twice each year. And over time, these efforts have resulted in a book that's benefiting thousands of children, serving as a valuable reference for them.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
While working, one must continually strive to improve their skills and should never underestimate their ability to learn. When someone constantly neglects their learning ability, they limit their growth. But those who look beyond their tasks and observe what others around them are doing, Their capacity can double or even triple. To young people, I'd say this clearly.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There's no need to feel discouraged. There's certainly some task out there destined just for you. Don't worry. Focus on enhancing your skills and opportunities will come. You may think, I wanted to be a doctor but became a teacher. My life is wasted. Thinking like that won't help you at all. Alright, you didn't become a doctor. But as a teacher, you can shape a hundred doctors.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
If you had become a doctor, you'd serve only your patients. But now, as a teacher, you can inspire students to fulfill their dreams of becoming doctors. So that both you and your students can together serve millions of patients. Then he gains a new perspective on life. I couldn't become a doctor, so I was miserable. And I was unhappy being a teacher.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
First of all, I'm truly pleasantly surprised and honored that you're fasting. All the more because it feels like you are fasting as a tribute of respect for me. So I express my deepest gratitude to you for doing this.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But now I realize as a teacher, I can create doctors. Connecting your life to a greater purpose brings a sense of inspiration and meaning. I have always believed that God has given everyone unique capabilities. Never lose faith in your own abilities. you should always maintain trust in your own abilities.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Keep believing in yourself and trust that when the opportunity comes, you'll perform and you'll succeed. That confidence makes a person deliver results.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Parents must first understand that life is not just about taking exams. Families should understand that their children aren't trophies meant to be displayed or models to show off in society. It's not about saying, look, my kid scores so high. Parents really need to stop using their kids just as status symbols. Secondly, students should always keep themselves well-prepared beforehand.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Only then can they appear for exams feeling stress-free and confident. They should have complete trust in themselves and their abilities. Sometimes I see students panic over the smallest issues during exams. They take papers or other things, and when their pen suddenly stops working, causing anxiety. Sometimes they feel uneasy, thinking, oh no, I don't like sitting next to this person.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
If the bench wobbles, their whole attention goes there, indicating self-doubt. Those lacking confidence constantly keep looking for distractions. But if you're confident and have genuinely worked hard, just take a minute, take some deep breaths, relax your mind, and refocus your attention calmly. Slowly read through the questions and allocate your time systematically. I have this amount of time.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I'll dedicate these minutes per question. In my experience, students who regularly practice writing test papers can easily overcome such situations without any trouble at all.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Let me share a personal example with you. I used to learn a lot from reading. But these days, more and more, I learn by being fully present. Whenever I meet someone, I am fully present in the moment. I give them my full attention. This complete focus allows me to grasp new concepts quickly. When I'm with you, I'm fully present, grounded in the moment.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
No calls or messages can pull me away from this moment with you. I am fully present, focused on the here and now. That's why I always believe this is a habit everyone should embrace. It will sharpen your mind and improve your learning ability. Besides, knowledge alone cannot light the way. You must immerse yourself in the flow of practice.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
You cannot master driving merely by reading the life stories of great drivers. You must get behind the wheel and take the road yourself. You must dare to take risks. You can never master the road if fear of accident or death holds you back. I truly believe that those who live in the present are the ones who live their life to the fullest.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
That's because they know that every moment lived has already slipped into the past. So you must embrace the moment before it fades into the past. Otherwise, chasing the future only turns the present into the past. It's not a trade worth making. Most people stress so much about the future that their present quietly slips away. Before they know it, the moment has already faded into the past.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Can I ask you a question instead? Sure. I have a very interesting question. Life and death are two sides of a coin. But which of the two is more certain?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Exactly. Now, with that out of the way, We know for a fact that life itself is a whispered promise of death. And yet, life is also destined to flourish. So again, in the dance of life and death, only death is certain. So, why fear what is certain? That's why you must embrace life instead of fretting over death. That's how life will evolve and flourish. For it is uncertain.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
That's why you must commit to enriching, refining, and elevating your life so you can live fully and with a purpose before death comes knocking. That's why you must let go of the fear of death. After all, death is inevitable and there's no use worrying about when it will arrive. It will arrive when it's meant to.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Our Supreme Court once gave a brilliant interpretation of Hinduism. They have stated that Hinduism is not about rituals or methods of worship, but rather it's a way of living, a philosophy that guides life itself. And in our scriptures, There is deep discussion on elevating the body, mind, intellect, soul, and humanity. They outline various paths, traditions, and systems to achieve this.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, I am an optimist at heart. Pessimism and negativity are simply not ingrained in my mindset. They don't align with the way I think. That's why I always gravitate toward the bright side instead. If we take a moment to reflect on the history of mankind, we see the incredible crisis humans have overcome with resilience and strength.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
We also see the major changes humanity has embraced to evolve with the times. And this continuous transformation has carried on for millennia. In every era, it is in human nature to adapt to the ever-flowing current of change. And while our progress has gone through cycles of ups and downs.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It is those people who can break free from the constraints of these historical cycles and outdated thinking patterns. It is they who can help humanity achieve extraordinary positive breakthroughs with an unshackled speed and grace. Transcending the limitations of the old way of doing things by embracing change.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Yes, please.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
You did great. Om Bhur Bhuvah Svaha Tat Savitur Varenyam Vargo Devasya Di Mahi Di Yo Yo Naha Prachodaya This mantra is dedicated to the radiant power of the sun and is considered a powerful tool for spiritual enlightenment.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Chanting mantras on a daily basis brings profound and lasting benefits.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The word meditation has been overused to the point that it feels like a cliché. In Indian languages, we usually refer to it as Dhyan. If I associate Dhyan to meditation, it might seem burdensome to some. One might think, this is too difficult. I'm not an enlightened being. But it's not rocket science. It just means freeing yourself from distraction.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
For example, even when you're in class, your mind wanders to recess. All you think about is lunch, not the lesson. Meditation is simply being present in the moment. I recall an incident from my time living in the Himalayas. There I encountered this wise sage. He taught me a simple lesson. Practical technique, it was nothing spiritual.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
so water would drip rhythmically from the leaf onto the bowl. He asked me to focus only on the dripping water, ignoring all other sounds. Ignore the chirping birds and the soft rustle of the breeze.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I felt my mind slowly tuning into The rhythmic sounds of the water droplets falling onto the bowl, like a melody guiding me into deep focus. And it's not like I was chanting mantras or reciting God's name. I like to call it the divine resonance. It was by tuning into that divine resonance that I learned the art of concentration. This practice slowly evolved into meditation.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Sometimes you happen to stay at a fancy hotel. You get a lavish, luxurious room. The decor is impeccable. And you have been wholeheartedly fasting. But there's a dripping faucet in the bathroom. That faint sound is enough to make a luxurious room feel worthless. At times, We realize the value of concentration in life's inner journey.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
We come to appreciate the difference a little bit of concentration can make. One very interesting concept comes to mind from our scriptures.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Om Purnamadam. In other words, all life is part of a complete circle. And this mantra emphasizes the path to achieve that completeness. Similarly, Hindus never focus solely on individual well-being. In other words, we wish for the well-being and prosperity of all. This mantra encompasses the idea of universal well-being and prosperity. And you know how this mantra ends?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Om shanti, shanti, shanti. Every Hindu mantra ends on the same note. Peace, peace, peace. These ancient and powerful rituals born in India have emerged from thousands of years of the spiritual practice of sages. They connect us to the essence of life.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And fasting is one of them.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I am thankful for the opportunity to have this conversation with you. After fasting for two days, I recommend you ease into eating slowly. And I hope you reap great benefits from this fasting experience. I've explored several new realms of thought for the first time ever with you today. I had long kept those thoughts tucked away within myself. But today you brought those thoughts to light.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I hope... Thank you. I hope your viewers may enjoy this. It was a great pleasure speaking with you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Whether you see it culturally or philosophically, sometimes I see that fasting is a way to cultivate discipline. If I put it in simple terms or explain it to the viewers who are unfamiliar with India, it is a powerful tool to bring both the inner and outer self into balance. It shapes life in profound ways.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When you fast, you may have noticed, as you said, you've been fasting on water for two days. Every single one of your senses, especially smell, touch and taste, becomes highly sensitive. You may even notice the subtle aroma of water itself. something you probably never noticed before when drinking it. If someone walks past you carrying tea, you will catch its aroma just like you would with coffee.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
A small flower you've seen before, you will see it again today. But now you can perceive its details more vividly.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I have personally often experienced this. Another thing I've experienced is that fasting can greatly accelerate the thinking process and can give a fresh perspective. You start thinking outside the box. I don't know if everyone experiences this, but I certainly do. Most people assume that fasting simply means giving up food or not eating. But that's just the physical aspect of fasting.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
If someone is forced to go without food due to hardship, with an empty stomach, Can we call that fasting? Fasting is actually a scientific process. Whenever I fast for an extended period, I prepare my body in advance. For five to seven days before the fast, I follow various Ayurvedic practices and yoga practices along with other traditional cleansing methods to internally reset my system.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Before actually beginning the fast, I make sure to drink a lot of water as much as possible. So you could say that this detoxification process helps prepare my body in the best possible way. And once I begin fasting, for me it's an act of devotion. For me fasting is a form of self-discipline. For me personally, even while I go about doing my daily activities during a fast,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
remains deeply introspective and focused inward. And that experience is profoundly transformative for me. My practice of fasting didn't come from reading books, listening to sermons, or following a tradition just because my family happened to have observed it. It came from my own personal experience. During my school days,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There was a movement inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's vision, his vision of cow protection. The government had not enacted any laws at the time. At the time, people across the country observed a one-day fast by gathering in public places in silent protests. We were just kids, probably had just finished primary school. Something inside me said, I should be part of this.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And that was the first time in my life I experienced fasting. At such a young age, I felt neither hunger nor any desire for food. Instead, I felt a new awareness, a surge of energy within me. So I became convinced that fasting is a science. Far beyond just skipping meals. It is something far greater than that. Then gradually, I refined my body and mind through various experiments.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Over time, it became a long and disciplined journey for me. And one thing is certain, fasting never slows me down. I work just as much as usual. Sometimes I even work more. And another fascinating thing I've noticed is that when I need to express my thoughts, I'm amazed at where they come from and how they flow. It's truly an incredible experience.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, this practice has a long historical context. I hope it may be interesting for those listening. There is an ancient tradition in India called Shaturmas. During the monsoon season, we know that the digestion tends to slow down. And so in this season, many people in India follow the practice of eating only a single meal within 24 hours.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
For me, this starts around mid-June and goes on until after Diwali around November. For about four to four and a half months, I follow this tradition. of eating only once in 24 hours. Then comes the Navratri festival in India, which usually falls in September or October. During this time, the whole country celebrates Durga Puja, a festival of strength, devotion, and spiritual discipline.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This lasts for nine days. During this time, I completely abstain from food and only drink hot water. Although drinking hot water has always been a part of my daily routine, my past lifestyle was such that I naturally developed this habit over time. Then, in March or April, another Navratri occurs called Chaitra Navratri. This year, it will likely begin around March 31st.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
During this nine-day fast, I eat only one specific fruit once a day. So for those nine days, if let's say I choose papaya, then for all nine days, I won't touch anything else, just papaya. That too, I eat only once a day. That's how I follow my nine-day fasting routine. So there are numerous fasts I keep throughout the year. And this has become a deeply ingrained tradition in my life.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Perhaps I can say that I've been following these practices for 50 to 55 years.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, most of the time, I don't even let people know about it. It's my personal matter. So I never publicized it. But people gradually started finding out. It became known only after I became Chief Minister and Prime Minister. Otherwise, it was purely personal. But now that it's out in the open, I don't mind sharing. If someone asks, I tell them so it might be useful to them.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Because it's not my personal property. It's my experience. And if that can help someone, why not share it? After all, my life has always been devoted to the well-being of others. For example, after I became prime minister, I had a bilateral meeting at the White House with President Obama. And he had also arranged a formal dinner
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Then as discussions between the two governments progressed, someone said, please join us for dinner, to which another replied, but the prime minister doesn't eat. This left them a bit concerned. How do you host the leader of such a major nation at the White House without serving food? When we sat down, they brought me a glass of hot water. I turned to President Obama and jokingly said,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Look, my dinner has arrived, as I placed the glass in front of me. Later, when I visited again, he still remembered. He smiled and said, Last time you were fasting. This time we are having lunch. Since you are not fasting, you will have to eat twice as much.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
My birthplace is in Gujarat, specifically in North Gujarat, in Mehsana district, in a small town called Vadnagar. Historically, this town holds great significance. And so, Vadnagar is where I was born and completed my early education.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
who would regularly tell students, listen kids, wherever you go, if you find a carved stone or you find a stone with inscriptions on it or anything with engravings, bring it and place it in this corner of the school. Over time, my curiosity grew and I started to understand. I realized that my village had a rich and ancient history.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Discussions at school often revealed more fascinating details about its past. Later, I learned that China even made a film about it. I had read in a newspaper about a film that mentioned the Chinese philosopher Huanzhang, who had spent a considerable amount of time in my village, having arrived there many centuries ago. Back then, it was a major center for Buddhist learning.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
That's how I first learned about it.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There was a victory monument from the 12th century, a temple from the 17th century. And in the 16th century, two sisters, Tana and Riri, who were renowned musicians. As I uncovered these history traces, I grasped the depth of our heritage. So, when I became chief minister, I initiated large-scale excavation projects.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The findings from these very projects confirmed that thousands of Buddhist monks had at one time studied there. It was a place where Buddhist, Jain and Hindu traditions co-existed harmoniously. And for us, history wasn't just confined to books. Every stone spoke. Every wall had a story to tell. And so, when we began the large-scale excavation work,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
We uncovered findings that hold immense historical significance. So far, they have discovered evidence dating back 2,800 years, proving that this city has remained unbroken and eternal for all those 2,800 years. They have discovered solid proof of how its development unfolded over these centuries.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Now, an international level museum has been established there, open to visitors, especially for archaeology students. It has become a major area of study. So, the place where I was born holds its own unique historical significance. I see it as my good fortune. Some things in life unfold beyond our understanding. Kashi became my realm of duty. Now, Kashi is also eternal.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Kashi, also known as Banaras or Varanasi, is an eternal city that has remained vibrant and alive for centuries. Perhaps it was some divine design that led a boy born in Varanagar to eventually make Kashi his realm of duty, living in the embrace of Mother Ganga. When I think about my family, my father, my mother, my siblings, my uncles, aunts, grandparents, we all grew up together in a small house.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The place we lived was likely even smaller than where we are sitting now. There was no window, just a small door.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Now, when people talk about poverty, it's natural to discuss it in the context of public life. And by those standards, my early life was spent in extreme poverty. But we never really felt the burden of poverty. You see, someone who is used to wearing fine shoes will feel their absence. when they don't have them. But for us, we had never worn shoes in our lives.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
So how would we even know that wearing shoes was a big deal? We weren't in a position to compare. That's just how we lived. Our mother worked incredibly hard. My father too. He was extremely hardworking. And he was also extremely disciplined. Every morning, around 4 or 4.30 a.m., he would leave the house, walk long distances, visit several temples, and then reach his shop.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
He wore traditional leather shoes, handmade in the village. The shoes were very tough and sturdy, making a distinct tok-tok-tok sound when he walked. People in the village used to say, that they could tell the time just by hearing his footsteps. Oh yes, they would say, Mr. Damodar is on his way. Such was his discipline. He worked tirelessly late into the night.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Our mother too ensured that we never felt the struggles of our circumstances. But despite everything, These challenging circumstances of living in scarcity never left a mark on our minds. I remember in school, the idea of wearing shoes never even crossed my mind. One day while I was on my way to school, I ran into my uncle on the way. He saw me and was surprised.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Hey, you go to school like this, without shoes? So at that time, He bought me a pair of canvas shoes and made me wear them. Back then, they must have cost around 10 or 12 rupees. But here's the thing. They were white canvas shoes and they would quickly get stained. So what did I do? In the evening, after school was over, I would stay back for a while.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I would go from classroom to classroom, collecting leftover pieces of chalk that the teachers had discarded. I would take the pieces of chalk home, soak them in water, mix them into a paste, and polish my canvas shoes with it, making them bright white again. For me, those shoes were a treasured possession, a symbol of great wealth.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And I don't exactly know why, but from childhood, our mother was extremely particular about cleanliness. Perhaps that's where we inherited that habit too. Not sure how I picked up the habit of dressing neatly, but it's been there since childhood. Whatever I wore, I made sure it looked proper. Back then, as you can imagine, we didn't have any arrangements for ironing clothes.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
So instead, I would heat up water in a copper pot, hold it with tongs, and press my clothes myself. Then I'd head off to school. That's how I lived. And I found joy in it. We never thought about being poor or judged about how others lived or what their struggles were. We lived carefree, enjoying whatever little we had and kept working hard. Never once did we complain about these things.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And all these aspects of my life, whether you call it fortune or misfortune, unfolded in such a way in politics that they started coming to light. Because when I was taking my oath as chief minister, TV reporters went to my village, questioned my childhood friends, went to capture videos of my home. That's when people started asking, who is this and what background he is coming from?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Before that, very few knew much about my life. That's just how my journey has been. My mother possessed an innate spirit of caring for others' well-being. It was woven into the very fabric of her being. She possessed knowledge of traditional remedies and healing practices. and would treat children with these home remedies.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Every morning before sunrise around 5 o'clock, she would start treating them. So all the children and their parents would gather at our home, little children crying, and we had to wake up early because of it. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There was a hunger within me, a deep longing to understand life, to explore its meaning. So I just set out and began the journey. During my time in the mission, I came across remarkable saints. They showered me with love and blessings. Among them, I formed a special bond with Swami Atmastananji. He lived for nearly a hundred years, a life full of wisdom and service.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
In his final years, I deeply wished for him to stay with me at the Prime Minister's residence. But his responsibilities were vast and he couldn't come. However, back when I was Chief Minister, he used to visit and I was fortunate to receive his blessings and guidance.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Is your priority your own well-being or is it the welfare of society? Whatever Swami Vivekananda said was for the betterment of society. He said, you are meant to serve others. So, I remember feeling a bit disheartened at that moment. I had come seeking guidance, but all I got were words. So I continued on my journey wandering from place to place.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I spent time in the Himalayas, embracing the solitude of the mountains. I met many remarkable individuals along the way. Some were great ascetics, people who had renounced everything. But still, my mind remained restless. Perhaps it was my age of curiosity, of wanting to learn, to understand. It was a new experience. a world shaped by the mountains, by ice, by the towering snow-covered peaks.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But all of this played a huge role in shaping me. It strengthened me from within and enabled me to discover my inner power. Practicing meditation, waking up in the sacred pre-dawn hours, bathing in the cold, serving people with devotion and naturally tending to elderly saints became a seamless part of who I was.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Once a natural calamity struck the region, and I immediately devoted myself to helping the villagers. So these were the saints and spiritual masters with whom I stayed from time to time. I never remained in one place for long. I kept moving, constantly wandering. That was the kind of life I lived.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
From the outside, people may call me a leader. Some call me the prime minister. Others call me the chief minister. And that's how they see me from their perspective. But deep within there is only an unwavering spiritual commitment. The Modi who lovingly helped his mother care for children during their treatments, tending to them with patience and compassion.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The Modi who wandered through the Himalayas and the Modi who now works from this seat of responsibility, they are all tied together by the same inner consistency. Every action is dedicated to serving others. People may see a stark difference between a saint and a leader. But to me, there is no real difference.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Yes, the attire changes, the way of life changes, the words spoken throughout the day shift. and the nature of work evolves. But the core of my being remains unchanged, carrying out every responsibility with the same sense of calm, focus, and dedication.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Ever since childhood. I always had the habit of staying engaged in something or the other. I remember there was a man named Makoshi. I don't quite recall his full name. I think he was part of the service group, Makoshi Soni or something like that. He used to carry a small drum-like instrument called a tambourine with him. And he used to sing patriotic songs in his deep, powerful voice.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Whenever he came to our village, he would hold programs in different places. I would run after him like a crazy fan just to listen to his songs. I would spend entire nights listening to their patriotic songs. I enjoyed it. I don't even know why, but I just did. In our village, there was a branch of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. where we played sports and sang patriotic songs.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Something about those songs touched me deeply. They stirred something inside me. And that's how I eventually became part of the RSS. One of the core values that were instilled in us at RSS was, whatever you do, do it with a purpose. Even while studying, study with the goal of learning enough to contribute to the nation.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Even when you exercise, do it with the purpose of strengthening your body to serve the nation. This is what we were taught. And today, RSS is a massive organization. It is now nearing its 100th anniversary. Such a massive volunteer organization likely doesn't exist anywhere else in the world. Millions of people are connected to it. But understanding RSS, is not that simple.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Secondly, the nation is everything. And serving the people is akin to serving God. This is what has been said since the Vedic era, what our sages have said, what Vivekananda said, and what the RSS echoes. A volunteer is told that the inspiration he gains from RSS It's not just about attending the one-hour session or wearing the uniform. What matters is what you do for society.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And today, inspired by that spirit, many initiatives are thriving. Like some volunteers established an organization called Seva Bharti. This organization serves the slums and settlements where the poorest people live, which they call service communities. To my knowledge, they run approximately 125,000 service projects without any government assistance, solely through community support.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They spend time there, teach the children, care for their health, instill good values, and work towards improving cleanliness in these communities. Running 125,000 social service projects is no small feat. Similarly, Some volunteers, nurtured by RSS, are dedicated to serving tribal communities through Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram. They live among the tribal people working for their welfare.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They have established over 70,000 one-teacher schools in remote tribal regions. There are also some people in America who show their support for this cause and contribute donations of about $10 or $15. And they say, Skip a Coca-Cola this month, don't drink Coca-Cola, and donate that money to an one-teacher school instead.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Now imagine 70,000 one-teacher schools dedicated to educating tribal children. Some volunteers have founded Vidya Bharati to revolutionize education. Today they run nearly 25,000 schools, educating around 3 million students. And I believe that millions of students have benefited from this initiative, receiving quality education at an incredibly low cost.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Alongside education, values are prioritized and students remain grounded, learning skills so they don't become a burden on society. That is, in every aspect of life, whether it's women, youth, or even laborers, the RSS has played a role. In terms of membership size, if I may say so, we have the Indian Labor Union. It has around 50,000 unions with millions of members across the country.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Perhaps in terms of scale, there is no bigger labor union in the world. But what's interesting is the approach they take. Historically, leftist ideologies have fueled labor movements worldwide. And what has been their slogan? Workers of the world, unite. The message was clear. Unite first. And then we'll deal with everything else.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But what do the labor unions run by RSS-trained volunteers believe in?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It may seem like just a small shift in words, but it represents a huge ideological transformation. The volunteers who come from the RSS follow their own interests, nature, and inclination. And in doing so, they strengthen and promote these kinds of activities. When you observe these initiatives,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
you'll see how over the past hundred years, the RSS has dedicated itself with the discipline and devotion of a seeker, staying away from the glare of mainstream attention. I feel blessed to gain life's values from such a sacred organization. Through the RSS, I found a life of purpose. Then I was Fortunate to spend some time among the saints, which gave me a strong spiritual foundation.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I found discipline and a life of purpose. And through the guidance of saints, I gained spiritual grounding. Swami Atmastananda and others like him have held my hand throughout my journey, constantly guiding me at every step. The teachings of Ramakrishna Mission, Swami Vivekananda, and the service-driven philosophy of the RSS have played a crucial role in shaping me.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
India is so diverse that we have a saying, that every 20 miles the language changes. Customs change, cuisine changes, even clothing styles shift from region to region, from the south to the north. You will see immense diversity across the country. But if you dig a little deeper, you will find a common thread. For example, the stories of Lord Ram can be heard everywhere in India.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
His name echoes in every corner of the country. But if you look closely, from Tamil Nadu to Jammu and Kashmir, you will always find people whose names include Ram in some form. In Gujarat, he might be called Rambhai. In Tamil Nadu, Ramachandra. And in Maharashtra, Rambhau. This unique cultural bond is what unites India as one civilization.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
We have a ritual where all the rivers of India are remembered. They chant, I am bathing with the waters of all these rivers. Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Saraswati, Narmada, Sindhu, Kaveri. It's a sentiment that unites a nation. And we have a long tradition of making such resolutions at the beginning of important events and rituals. And the resolution itself can present a historical record.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
and in so doing, serve as a way of collecting and preserving historical data. It has been an incredibly unique system, guided meticulously by our scriptures.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When someone makes a resolution, performs a puja, or even during weddings, we start by invoking the entire universe, beginning with Jambudweep, Bharatkhand, Aryavrat, and gradually narrow it down to the village, then mentioning the specific family, And finally, we invoke the family deity. This practice is still alive, happening daily in every corner of India.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But sadly, the Western and global models began viewing nations only as administrative systems. India, however, has had a variety of administrative systems throughout history. Many systems were fragmented, scattered, and varied across regions. Kings and rulers were numerous. But India's unity lay in cultural bonds. Pilgrimage traditions played a key role in preserving this unity.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Shankaracharya established the four pilgrimage sites. Even today, millions of people travel from one place to another for pilgrimage. In Kashi, you'll find people who bring water from Rameshwaram to Kashi and take water from Kashi to Rameshwaram. Even if you look at our Hindu calendar, you'll find so many things across the country that you can't even imagine.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
As I had mentioned before, I was born in Gujarat, and Gujarati is my mother tongue. Mahatma Gandhi was also born in Gujarat. His native language was Gujarati too. He pursued a career as an attorney and lived overseas for several years. He had plenty of great opportunities, but the deep sense of duty within him
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
along with the values instilled by his family, led him to give up all comforts and devote his life to serving the people of India. He joined the struggle for India's independence. And to this day, he continues to deeply influence the life of every Indian in some way. Mahatma Gandhi tried to lived by his principles and practiced what he preached.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
For example, he strongly advocated for cleanliness and practiced it himself. And he made it a point to discuss cleanliness wherever he went. Another key factor to consider is India's fight for independence.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
In every corner and nook of India, never fading, always fueling the desire for freedom. Millions of people sacrificed their lives so the light of freedom could shine on India. They laid down their lives for freedom, sacrificing their youth behind prison walls. Mahatma Gandhi also fought for India's independence, but in his own way.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Indeed, the other freedom fighters were brave warriors and devoted sons of Mother India. They came, they fought, and their martyrdom immortalized them. And they did indeed have a lasting impact. But it was Mahatma Gandhi who awakened a nation leading a mass movement fueled by truth. And he wove even a sweeper into the very fabric of the freedom struggle.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
He told teachers their work was part of the freedom struggle. He told the people spinning thread and weaving clothes they were freedom fighters. He told those tending to lepers that their service was a step toward India's freedom. He viewed every task as a vital thread in the fabric of India's independence movement. And this transformed India's common man into a soldier in the quest for freedom.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Gandhi forged a mass movement so immense that the British could never fully grasp it. The British never imagined that a pinch of salt from the Dandi march could spark a massive revolution and he made it happen. And his life, presence, style, mannerisms, all left a profound impact. And I have seen many of his stories evolve into timeless legends. I recall an incident from a roundtable conference.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Yeah, I believe he was attending a roundtable conference. He was supposed to meet King George at the Buckingham Palace, draped in his breechcloth. Mahatma Gandhi made his way to the palace. Many people were amazed that he had showed up in that attire to meet the king. Gandhi remarked he didn't need to wear a lot of clothes. He said, your king is wearing enough clothes for the both of us.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This was the whimsical charm of his nature. Mahatma Gandhi possessed many remarkable qualities. His call for unity, and recognition of the people's strength still resonates with me. In everything I do, I strive to include the common man and to ensure the participation of as many as possible. I don't believe in leaving everything to the government.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I am a firm believer in the power of social change.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Mahatma Gandhi wasn't just a 20th century leader. His relevance transcends centuries. Mahatma Gandhi's legacy will last for centuries to come, and he remains relevant to date. As far as I am concerned, I have a responsibility to fulfill. Yet, the weight of that responsibility pales in comparison to my country.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I am nowhere near as great as my country, and my strength lies not in my name, but in the backing of 1.4 billion Indians. and thousands of years of timeless culture and heritage. So wherever I go, I carry with me the essence of thousands of years of Vedic tradition, the timeless teachings of Swami Vivekananda, and the blessings, dreams, and aspirations of 1.4 billion Indians.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When I shake hands with a world leader, it's not Modi, but 1.4 billion Indians doing so. So this isn't my strength at all. It is rather the strength of India. You see, I recall something that happened all the way back in 2013. It was when my party declared I would be their prime ministerial candidate. My critics often tried to corner me on one point. It became a topic of widespread discussion.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Modi is nothing more than a state leader. What does he know of foreign policy? Does he even understand global geopolitics? This was on everyone's lips. And I was asked this question in every interview. I gave a very well thought out answer at the time. I said, I won't lay out my entire foreign policy in an interview, nor is it needed. That said,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
India will neither allow itself to be looked down upon, nor will it ever look up to anyone. India will now see eye to eye with her counterparts. This was my belief in 2013, and it still lies at the heart of my foreign policy. For me, the country always comes first. However, to belittle someone, or speaking ill of others is neither part of my cultural values nor my traditions.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Moreover, our culture upholds and advocates for the welfare of mankind. India has always championed the ideas of global peace and brotherhood. For centuries, we have envisioned the world as one big family. Our noble ancestors envisaged the welfare of the whole world and universe.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And that's why you must have noticed the nature of our conversations, as well as the ideas that I have presented on the global stage, which are rooted in respect and positivity. For example, I spoke about the environment in one of my speeches. I proposed the concept of one sun, one world, one grid. During the COVID pandemic, I delivered a speech at the G20 Summit.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And I have always worked towards this. We hosted the G20 Summit with the motto, One Earth, One Family, One Future. We have inherited this timeless wisdom, and it's our duty to share it with the world. To give you an example, I have advocated for embracing renewable energy. We founded the International Solar Alliance with the motto, One Sun, One World, One Grid.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Even when it comes to global healthcare, I had proposed One Earth, One Health. This initiative extends not only to humans, but also to all flora and fauna. I have always aimed to initiate efforts that foster global well-being. And the global community needs to join hands to accomplish that. We must also understand that the world has become one small village today.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
No country can thrive in isolation. Today we all depend upon one another. No one can make it far by themselves. That is why you must learn to synchronize with everyone. And everyone else must learn to synchronize with you. That's the only way to propel this initiative forward. Organizations like the United Nations came into being after the First World War. But they failed to evolve with the times.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And this inability to adapt has sparked a global debate on their relevance.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, I represent the country. That is the land of Lord Buddha. I represent the country, that is, the land of Mahatma Gandhi. These are the great souls whose teachings, words, actions, and behavior are entirely dedicated to peace. And that is why, culturally and historically, our background is so strong that whenever we speak of peace, the world listens to us.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Because India is the land of Gautam Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi, and Indians aren't hardwired to espouse strife and conflict. We espouse harmony instead. We seek neither to wage war against nature nor to foster strife among nations. We stand for peace. And wherever we can act as peacemakers, we have gladly embraced that responsibility.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Returning to your example, I have a close relationship with Russia and Ukraine alike. I can sit with President Putin and say that this is not the time for war. And I can also tell President Zelensky in a friendly way that brother, regardless of how many people stand with you in the world, there will never be a resolution on the battlefield.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The resolution will only come when both Ukraine and Russia come to the negotiating table. Ukraine may hold countless discussions with their allies, but it will bear no fruit. Discussions must include both parties instead. Initially, it was challenging to find peace. But now, the current situation presents an opportunity for meaningful and productive talks between Ukraine and Russia.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There has been a lot of suffering. Even the Global South has suffered. The world has been grappling with a food, fuel, and fertilizer crisis. So, the global community should unite in the pursuit of peace. As for me, I have always maintained that I stand with peace. I am not neutral. I have a stance, and that is peace. And peace is what I strive for.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I would like to delve into periods of our history the world may be unfamiliar with. Before 1947, during the struggle for independence, everyone was fighting side by side, shoulder to shoulder. And the nation was eagerly waiting to celebrate the freedom, the joy of independence.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But the fact remains that the policymakers of the time agreed to India's partition. and they agreed to the Muslim side's demand of carving out a separate nation with hearts weighed down by grief and silent tears.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
However, what unfolded was an immediate heartbreaking saga of bloodshed. Trenches filled with bloodied, wounded people and corpses started arriving from Pakistan.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
After getting their own way, we expected them to live and let live. And yet, they chose not to foster a harmonious coexistence. Time and again, they decided to be at odds with India. They have waged a proxy war against us. Don't mistake this for ideology. What kind of ideology thrives on bloodshed and the export of terror? And we are not the sole victims of this menace.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Wherever terror strikes in the world, the trail somehow leads to Pakistan. Let's take the September 11th attacks, for example. The main mastermind behind it, Osama bin Laden, Where did he eventually emerge from? He had taken refuge in Pakistan. The world has recognized that, in a way, terrorism and the terrorist mindset are deeply rooted in Pakistan.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Today, it stands as an epicenter of turmoil, not just for India, but for the world. And we have repeatedly asked them what good can come from this path. We have urged them to abandon the path of state-sponsored terrorism for good. What do you hope to gain by surrendering your nation to lawless forces? I even personally traveled to Lahore in the pursuit of peace.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When I became Prime Minister, I specially invited Pakistan to my swearing-in ceremony so we could turn over a new leaf. Yet, every noble attempt at fostering peace was met with hostility and betrayal. We sincerely hope that wisdom prevails upon them and they choose the path of peace.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I believe even the people of Pakistan long for peace, because even they must be weary of living in strife and unrest. They must have grown weary of relentless terror, where even innocent children are killed. And countless lives are destroyed.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Like I mentioned, my first attempt at improving bilateral relations was when I invited my Pakistani counterpart to my swearing-in. It was a gesture of goodwill. It was a diplomatic gesture unlike any in decades. The very people who once questioned my approach to foreign policy were taken aback when they learned I had invited all Sark heads of state and our then president
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Mr. Pranab Mukherjee beautifully captured that historic gesture in his memoir. This was a testament to how clear and confident India's foreign policy had become. This sent a clear message to the world about India's commitment to peace and harmony. But we didn't get the desired outcome.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I think sports have the power to energize the entire world. The spirit of sports brings people together across different nations. That's why I would never want to see sports being discredited. I truly believe that sports play a major role in human evolution. They're not just games. They connect people on a deeper level. Now coming to the question of who's better and who's not.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When it comes to techniques in sports, I'm not an expert. Only those who specialize in the technical aspects can judge which techniques are superior and who the best players really are. But sometimes the results speak for themselves. Just a few days ago, India and Pakistan played a match. The result reveals which is the better team. That's how we know.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It's absolutely true that many regions in India have a strong football culture. Our women's football team is performing really well, and the men's team is also making great progress. But if we talk about the past, back in the 1980s, one name that always stood out was Maradona. For that generation, he was seen as a true hero. And if you ask today's generation, they'll immediately mention Messi.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Now that you've asked, another interesting memory just came to mind. There's a state in India called Madhya Pradesh, right in the center. There's a district called Shahdol, a completely tribal region where a large tribal community resides. I really enjoy interacting with people from such communities. especially the self-help groups run by tribal women.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
So I decided to visit them and have a conversation. But when I got there, I noticed something fascinating. Around 80 to 100 young boys, kids, and even some older youth, all dressed in sports uniforms, standing together. Naturally, I walked over to them. So I asked them, where are you all from? And they replied, we're from mini Brazil. I was surprised and said, what do you mean by mini Brazil?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They said, that's what people call our village. Curious, I asked, why do they call it mini Brazil? They explained, in our village, football has been played for four generations. Nearly 80 national level players have come from here. Our entire village is dedicated to football.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They also told me, when we host our annual football match, nearly 20,000 to 25,000 spectators come from nearby villages to watch. I see the growing craze for football in India these days as a positive sign because it not only fuels passion, but also builds true team spirit.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I'd like to share with you an event that stands out in my memory. Perhaps from that, you'll get A better understanding of the point I'm trying to convey. For example, we had an event in Houston. Howdy Modi. Both President Trump and I were there, and the entire stadium was completely packed. A massive crowd at an event in the US is a huge moment.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
While packed stadiums are common in sports, this was extraordinary for a political rally. The Indian diaspora had gathered in large numbers. Both of us delivered speeches, and he sat down below listening to me speak. Now, that's his humility. The President of the United States sitting in the audience while I spoke from the stage, that was a remarkable gesture on his part.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
After finishing my speech, I stepped down. And as we all know, security in the U.S. is extremely strict and thorough. The level of scrutiny there is on a completely different level. I went over to thank him and casually said, if you don't mind, why don't we take a lap around the stadium? There are so many people here. Let's walk, wave and greet them.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
In American life, it's almost impossible for the president to walk into a crowd of thousands. But without even a moment's hesitation, he agreed and started walking. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. P P
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Physical battles often get discussed. Struggles are happening in every domain. International organizations that were once powerful have become almost irrelevant. No real reforms are happening. Institutions like the UN are failing to fulfill their roles. People who disregard international laws and rules continue to act freely, and no one can stop them. In such situations,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Expansionism will not work. As I've said before, the world is interdependent and interconnected. Every nation needs one another. No one can stand alone. And from all the different forums I attend, one thing is clear. Everyone is deeply worried about these conflicts. We can only hope that peace is restored very soon.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
You keep looking at your wand.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
when you humbly said that you don't know what you're doing, that you're not good at this. I disagree and personally feel you've put in tremendous care. You've done extensive research and have dived deeply into every small detail. So I think you've done very well. And all the efforts you've put in during our conversation and in all your conversations are appreciated.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And rather than simply interviewing me, I feel you're trying to deeply understand India. That's why I strongly feel there's genuine honesty in your sincere effort to uncover the truth. And for that sincere approach, I genuinely congratulate you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Regarding the earlier events that you mentioned, Like the 2002 riots in Gujarat, I'd like to paint you a clearer picture of the 12 to 15 months leading up to that, so you can fully understand the atmosphere of that time. For instance, take December 24, 1999. roughly three years earlier. An Indian flight from Kathmandu to Delhi was hijacked, redirected to Afghanistan, and landed in Kandahar.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Hundreds of Indian passengers were held hostage. It caused massive turmoil across India as people faced life and death uncertainty. Then, in the year 2000, the Red Fort in Delhi was attacked by terrorists. Yet another crisis struck the nation, intensifying fear and turmoil. On September 11, 2001, the Twin Towers in America faced a devastating terror attack, once again shocking the entire world.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Because ultimately, the people behind these attacks are driven by a similar mindset. Then, in October 2001, terrorists attacked the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly. Soon after, on December 13, 2001, India's parliament was targeted. Within just 8 to 10 months, these major global terrorist attacks took place. Violent incidents that led to bloodshed and the loss of innocent lives.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
In such a tense environment, even the smallest spark can ignite unrest. The situation had already become extremely volatile. In such times, suddenly, on October 7, 2001, I was given the responsibility of becoming Chief Minister of Gujarat. This was an enormous challenge. At that time, Gujarat was
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
recovering from a devastating earthquake, the largest of the previous century, which had left thousands dead. My first major task as chief minister was overseeing the rehabilitation of survivors. This was a crucial task and from day one after my oath, I immersed myself in it. I was a person who had absolutely no prior experience with government.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I had never been part of any administration, never even served in government before. I had never contested an election, never even been a state representative. For the first time in my life, I had to face elections. On February 24, 2002, I became a state representative. an elected representative for the first time.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And it was only around February 24th, 25th or 26th that I stepped into the Gujarat assembly for the very first time. On February 27th, 2002, we were seated in the assembly for the budget session. And that same day, It had been just three days since I'd become a state representative when suddenly the horrific Godhra incident occurred. It was a tragedy of unimaginable magnitude.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
People were burned alive. You can imagine, against the backdrop of incidents like the Kandahar hijacking, the attack on Parliament, or even 9-11, and then to have so many people killed and burned alive. You can imagine how tense and volatile the situation was. Of course, this was tragic for everyone. Everyone prefers peace.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The perception that these were the biggest riots ever is actually misinformation. If you review the data from before 2002, you'll see that Gujarat faced frequent riots. Curfews were constantly being imposed somewhere. Communal violence could erupt over trivial issues like kite flying contests or even minor bicycle collisions. Before 2002, Gujarat witnessed over 250 significant riots.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The riots in 1969 lasted nearly six months. So, there was a long history, long before I was in the picture. But that one tragic incident in 2002 became a sparking point, leading some people towards violence. Yet, the judiciary thoroughly investigated the matter. At that time, our political opponents were in power. and naturally they wanted all allegations against us to stick.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Despite their relentless efforts, the judiciary analyzed the situation meticulously twice and ultimately found us completely innocent. Those who were truly responsible have faced justice from the courts. But the most important thing is, in Gujarat, where riots used to happen, somewhere or the other every year. But after 2002, in 22 years, there hasn't been a single major riot in Gujarat.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Gujarat remains completely peaceful. Our approach has always been to avoid vote bank politics. Instead, our mantra has been, together with everyone, development for all, trust from all, and efforts by everyone. We've shifted away from the politics of appeasement to the politics of aspiration. Because of this, anyone who wishes to contribute joins us willingly.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
We've continuously strived to turn Gujarat into a well-developed state. And today Gujarat is actively contributing toward building a developed India as well.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Look, regarding what you said about criticism and how I deal with it, if I had to summarize in one sentence, I welcome it.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
In our scriptures, it's said, always keep your critics close. Critics should be your nearest companions because through genuine criticism, you can improve quickly and work democratically with better insights. In fact, I believe we should have more criticism and it should be sharp and well-informed. But my real complaint is that nowadays what we see isn't real criticism.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Genuine criticism requires thorough study, in-depth research and careful analysis. It demands finding the truth from falsehoods. Today, people look for shortcuts, avoid proper research and skip deep analysis. Instead of identifying genuine weaknesses, they jump straight to accusations. There's a big difference between allegations and criticism.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The references you're giving, they are allegations, not criticism. For a strong democracy, genuine criticism is necessary. Allegations benefit no one. They just cause unnecessary conflicts. That's why I always welcome criticism openly. And whenever false accusations arise, I calmly continue serving my country with complete dedication.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Yes, clear, well-directed, and specific criticism genuinely helps in the process of effective policymaking. It leads to a clear-cut policy vision. I specifically pay close attention to such constructive criticism. In fact, I actively welcome it. Regarding your point about journalistic headlines, if someone's attracted by catchy headlines or plays with words, I honestly don't mind that much.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But when there's a deliberate agenda behind the actions, and the truth is deliberately ignored, that can cause damage that lasts for decades. If someone focuses on pleasing their readers or viewers with attractive headlines, maybe we can compromise a little. But if there's a hidden motive, or if things are intentionally twisted to serve an agenda, that's a serious issue worth worrying about.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I remember once, in London, I was invited to give a speech at an event organized by a Gujarati newspaper there. So during my speech, I casually said, since it was an event attended by journalists, what kind of journalism should we have?
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
But a bee lands on flowers, collects nectar, and then shares that sweetness everywhere. Yet, if something wrong occurs, the bee can sting so powerfully that you'd have to hide your face for three days straight. However, some people selectively picked up just half of my analogy and created a huge controversy out of it. Honestly, was I being negative about anyone? Not at all.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I was simply highlighting the incredible strength of a bee that even its small sting can leave such an impact that can make someone hide their face for days. You can't show your face. That's the power journalism should have. But unfortunately, some people prefer the fly approach instead.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, I've been actively involved in politics for years. Before stepping into active politics, my focus was primarily on organizational work. This also included managing elections and strategizing campaigns. So that was where I dedicated my time for 24 years. The people of Gujarat and India have placed their trust in me to lead with unwavering dedication and a deep sense of duty.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I try to fulfill the sacred duty entrusted to me by the people I revere as divine. I remain committed to honoring their trust, ensuring it never falters.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
My government is committed to ensuring welfare schemes reach every citizen. Every scheme must reach its intended beneficiaries. Every beneficiary must be treated equally. No one should face discrimination on caste, creed, faith, wealth, or ideology. We must strive to ensure the well-being and prosperity of everyone.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This way, even those not directly benefiting never feel left out or treated unfairly. They find comfort in knowing they too will benefit in due course. This fosters a deep sense of trust, and trust is the cornerstone of my governance model. Secondly, my governance flows beyond the ebb and flow of elections. My governance is rooted in the people, not the polls.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It is committed to the well-being of my citizens. and the greater good of the nation. As you may know, I had once set out on a quest for spiritual awakening. So now I revere my nation as the divine itself, and I now revere the people as a manifestation of the divine. Like a devoted priest, my heart is set on serving the people. I don't distance myself from the people.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I live among them, as one of them. And I tell everyone I work with, if you work hard, I will work harder. People see this and it builds trust. Besides, I have no conflicts of interest. I have no friends or relatives who stand to gain from the position I hold. The common man appreciates this lack of vested interests. And that's probably just one reason why. Moreover,
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I come from a party with millions of dedicated volunteers. Volunteers who are completely devoted to the welfare of India and its citizens. They have had no stake whatsoever in politics. They've held no title, nor strayed where influence holds sway. My party is blessed with millions of volunteers who work tirelessly. I am proud to belong to the world's largest political party.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And it's not like my party has been around forever. It reflects the hard work of millions of volunteers. Their selfless service is widely recognized and valued by the community. It fortifies people's trust in the BJP, echoed in the election results. I never tallied our election triumphs, but we have had people's blessings.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
First and foremost, I am truly grateful for your insightful question. Anyone who believes in democracy should listen to what I'm about to share with you. We often discuss election results, but all the behind-the-scenes work is overlooked. Let's take the recently concluded 2024 general elections as an example. There were 980 million registered voters.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Each of those voters had a registered ID and all the necessary details in a vast database. And this number is twice the entire population of North America. It even surpasses the total population of the entire European Union. Out of the 980 million registered voters, 646 million people ventured out and braved the intense heat of May, determined to cast their votes
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Temperatures soared to 40 degrees in some areas, yet they chose to go. And the size of this voter base is double the population of the United States. We had more than a million polling booths. Can you fathom all the manpower involved in this? My country has more than 2,500 registered political parties.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This staggering figure with such a vast array of political parties has the power to leave the entire world in awe. My country has more than 900 round-the-clock news channels. There are over 5,000 newspapers published daily. They each play a role in upholding democracy in their own way. Even the humblest villages here embrace
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
technology with remarkable swiftness, while some other countries take months to declare election results. We announced the results within a day, despite the mind-boggling number of voters. And you were spot on in saying that even the remotest villages have polling stations. We even use helicopters to transport polling stations. I believe Arunachal Pradesh
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
has the highest altitude polling booth on record. In Gujarat, a polling booth was set up in the Gir Forest for just one voter, who was in the middle of nowhere, but we ensured a polling booth was set up for them. All I mean to say is that we truly leave no stone unturned in our unwavering commitment to strengthening democracy.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
ensuring that we are always fully prepared and election ready, no matter the circumstances. I firmly believe that India's Election Commission sets a global standard as a benchmark for conducting free and fair elections. It is the apex decision maker. This in itself is such a remarkable story that the world's top universities should consider it a case study.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They should analyze the management behind it as a valuable learning example. Given the sheer number of voters, can you truly grasp the immense depth of political awareness? All of this will make for an excellent case study for the younger generation worldwide.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Well, I don't think the word powerful quite reflects the journey of my life. I can never claim to be powerful, for all I am is a humble servant. I even identify myself as not the prime minister, but the prime servant. And service is the guiding principle of my work ethic. As far as power is concerned, it is something I have never bothered about.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I entered politics not to play power games, but to serve rather than seeking power. I stay committed to doing and getting work done. I am more focused on productivity than power. I have always dedicated myself to serving the people. I have always devoted myself to bringing about a positive change in their lives.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And whenever I am asked to elaborate on this outlook, I say, the first one represents Modi, and the other one represents the Almighty. I am never alone, for He is always there to keep me company. This is just how I function. Having wholeheartedly embraced the ideals of Swami Vivekananda, I firmly believe that service to mankind is service to God.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
For me, the nation itself is divine and mankind is a reflection of the divine. I walk this path with the conviction that serving the people is serving the divine. That's why the very notion of
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
struggling with loneliness has never even remotely crossed my mind like at the time of pandemic with the lockdown and traveling restrictions in place i came up with a way to make the most of my time i designed a governance model that operated seamlessly through video conferencing. I kept myself occupied with remote work and virtual meetings.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Another thing I did was to connect with the people I had worked with throughout my life. Among my party's volunteers nationwide, I made a list of those who were 70 and older. Some of the volunteers had very humble beginnings and came from very modest backgrounds. I personally called every volunteer aged 70 and above. I made it a point to inquire about their health and their family's well-being.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I inquired about how their area was coping. I asked these questions to make sure they were doing well. This allowed me to build rapport with them. and we would go down the memory lane. They were touched that the Prime Minister would check on them in the pandemic. I made around 40 calls every day without fail. I carried on with this throughout the pandemic.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
It gave me the chance to reconnect and relive old memories with familiar faces. Loneliness is never a concern for me, as I always find ways to stay engaged. And I have long been at peace with myself. The time I spent in the Himalayas have helped me develop this.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Look, first of all, I don't believe I'm the only one working. I look at the people around me and always think, these people work harder than I do. When I think about farmers, I realize how hard they work. They toil and sweat under the open sky day after day.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
When I look at our country's soldiers, I think about how many hours someone spends working tirelessly in snow, deserts, or even underwater day and night. When I see a laborer, I think about how hard they're working. I always think about how hard our mothers and sisters work in every family for the happiness of the family.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
They're the first to wake up and the last to go to bed, taking care of everyone in the family while also managing social responsibilities. Thinking of all this, I'm in awe of how hard people work. So I think, how can I sleep? How can I relax? So naturally, the motivation is right in front of my eyes. Those very things around me keep me motivated.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Secondly, my responsibilities keep pushing me forward. The responsibilities entrusted to me by my fellow citizens always remind me that I'm not here to enjoy privileges. I will always give it my absolute best. Perhaps there are a couple of things I may not accomplish, but there will never be a lack of effort or hard work from me.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
And when I was campaigning in 2014, I had made a promise first in Gujarat and later across India. I promised my fellow citizens that I will never fall behind in hard work for my country. Secondly, I promised I would never act with bad intentions. And thirdly, I vowed I'd never do anything for personal gain. Today, it's been 24 years for such a long period.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
The people have entrusted me as head of government. I've continuously held myself to these three standards. and I still live by them today. My inspiration comes from serving 1.4 billion people, from understanding and fulfilling their aspirations, and addressing their needs. I'm always determined to do as much as I can, work as hard as possible. Even today, my energy remains just as strong.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Look, I deeply respect him. And everyone in my country respects him as well. Because I strongly believe there's a deep connection between science and spirituality. If you closely observe many scientifically advanced minds, you'll find they're often spiritually advanced too. They're not disconnected from spirituality. Srinivasa Ramanujan once said that
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
His mathematical ideas came from the goddess he worshipped. Meaning, ideas emerge from spiritual discipline. And discipline is more than just hard work. It means fully devoting yourself to a task and completely immersing yourself into it. So much that you become one with your work. You see, the more open we are to new and different sources of knowledge, the more new ideas we'll have.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I think it's important for us to clearly understand the difference between information and knowledge. Some people mistakenly confuse information with knowledge, carrying around large amounts of information. But I don't believe information alone equals knowledge. Knowledge is something deeper. It gradually evolves through processing, reflection, and understanding.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Recognizing this difference is important in how we handle both.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
There are many factors to my decision making. First, I'm perhaps the only politician in India who has stayed overnight in around 85 to 90% of the districts across the country. This was before my current role. I used to travel extensively. I learned a lot from those experiences. They gave me
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
first-hand knowledge of the ground realities and grassroots-level issues, not something asked or heard or learned merely from books. Secondly, from a governance perspective, I carry no baggage of any kind. I don't carry any baggage that weighs me down or forces me to act Thirdly, I have a simple yardstick for decisions. My country first.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I always question if what I'm doing harms my nation in any way. Additionally, Mahatma Gandhi once said, that if you're ever unsure when making a decision, think of the poorest person's face, remember them, and ask yourself, will this help them? Then your decision will be right. That wisdom always guides me, remembering ordinary citizens and considering how my actions affect them.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Another factor in my approach is that I'm very well connected. In my administration, my officials know this well. and probably feel overwhelmed by it, by the fact that my information channels are numerous and are very active. Because of that, I receive lots of insights from various sources. So, when someone comes to brief me, That's not my only source of information.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I always have additional perspectives available to me. Another thing. I maintain a learner's mindset. Suppose I'm not familiar with something and an official explains it to me. I approach them like a student and ask, can you clarify this? How does it work? Then what happens next and how? And whenever I have different information, I deliberately play devil's advocate and ask challenging questions.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I thoroughly analyze the issue from multiple angles, hoping that careful evaluation will yield something valuable. Then, once I converge toward a decision or action that is worth taking, I share the idea informally with like-minded people just to gauge their reactions and see how they respond. gathering insights and feedback before moving forward.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
This entire decision-making process doesn't actually take much time. My speed is very fast. Let me share an example.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I had Nobel Prize winners advising me, giving countless economic examples from around the world. They'd say, this country is doing this, that country did that, you should do it too. Renowned economists constantly bombarded me with suggestions. Political parties pressured me relentlessly, urging me to spend huge amounts of money. But I didn't act immediately. I paused and reflected.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
What exactly should I do? Then considering the unique conditions of my own country, I made a clear decision. I wouldn't let the poor sleep hungry. I wouldn't allow social tensions to arise over basic daily needs. These core principles guided my approach. The entire world was in lockdown. Global economies were collapsing.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Everyone pressured me to empty the treasury, print more currency, and flood money everywhere. But I decided that this was not the right economic route to follow. And so instead, the path I chose, after carefully listening to experts, understanding their opinions without opposing them, and combining their advice with my own country's situation and my personal experiences, Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
I'm going to start off by saying hello to everyone. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
Lex Fridman Podcast
#460 – Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India – Power, Democracy, War & Peace
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.