Janna Levin

after the Big Bang, and that they're formed directly by collapsing out of primordial stuff, that there's a direct collapse right into the black hole.

after the Big Bang, and that they're formed directly by collapsing out of primordial stuff, that there's a direct collapse right into the black hole.

after the Big Bang, and that they're formed directly by collapsing out of primordial stuff, that there's a direct collapse right into the black hole.

Right. So it's odd, but it's weirdly easier to make a big black hole out of something that's just the density of air, if it's really, really as big as what we're talking about. So in some sense, if they're just allowed to directly collapse very early in the universe's history, they can do that more easily.

Right. So it's odd, but it's weirdly easier to make a big black hole out of something that's just the density of air, if it's really, really as big as what we're talking about. So in some sense, if they're just allowed to directly collapse very early in the universe's history, they can do that more easily.

Right. So it's odd, but it's weirdly easier to make a big black hole out of something that's just the density of air, if it's really, really as big as what we're talking about. So in some sense, if they're just allowed to directly collapse very early in the universe's history, they can do that more easily.

And it's so much so that we think that there's one of these supermassive black holes in the center of every galaxy. So they're not rare, and we know where they are. They're in the nuclei of galaxies. So they're bound to the very early formation of entire galaxies in a really surprising and deeply connected way.

And it's so much so that we think that there's one of these supermassive black holes in the center of every galaxy. So they're not rare, and we know where they are. They're in the nuclei of galaxies. So they're bound to the very early formation of entire galaxies in a really surprising and deeply connected way.

And it's so much so that we think that there's one of these supermassive black holes in the center of every galaxy. So they're not rare, and we know where they are. They're in the nuclei of galaxies. So they're bound to the very early formation of entire galaxies in a really surprising and deeply connected way.

Yeah. I mean, it's ongoing, right? It's ongoing. Which came first, the black hole or the galaxy? Probably big early stars, which were just made out of hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang. There wasn't anything else, not much of anything else. Those early stars were forming and then maybe the black holes and kind of the galaxies were like these gassy clouds around them.

Yeah. I mean, it's ongoing, right? It's ongoing. Which came first, the black hole or the galaxy? Probably big early stars, which were just made out of hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang. There wasn't anything else, not much of anything else. Those early stars were forming and then maybe the black holes and kind of the galaxies were like these gassy clouds around them.

Yeah. I mean, it's ongoing, right? It's ongoing. Which came first, the black hole or the galaxy? Probably big early stars, which were just made out of hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang. There wasn't anything else, not much of anything else. Those early stars were forming and then maybe the black holes and kind of the galaxies were like these gassy clouds around them.

But there's probably a deep relationship between the black hole powering jets, these jets blowing material out of the galaxy that shaped galaxies, maybe kind of curbed their growth. And so I think the mechanisms are still ongoing attempts to understand exactly the ordering of these things.

But there's probably a deep relationship between the black hole powering jets, these jets blowing material out of the galaxy that shaped galaxies, maybe kind of curbed their growth. And so I think the mechanisms are still ongoing attempts to understand exactly the ordering of these things.

But there's probably a deep relationship between the black hole powering jets, these jets blowing material out of the galaxy that shaped galaxies, maybe kind of curbed their growth. And so I think the mechanisms are still ongoing attempts to understand exactly the ordering of these things.

There are different ways we can think about it. We can imagine drawing a map of space and treating time as another direction in that map. But we're limited because as three-dimensional beings, we can't really draw four dimensions, which is what I'd require. Three spatial, because I'm pretty sure there's at least three. I think there's probably more.

There are different ways we can think about it. We can imagine drawing a map of space and treating time as another direction in that map. But we're limited because as three-dimensional beings, we can't really draw four dimensions, which is what I'd require. Three spatial, because I'm pretty sure there's at least three. I think there's probably more.

There are different ways we can think about it. We can imagine drawing a map of space and treating time as another direction in that map. But we're limited because as three-dimensional beings, we can't really draw four dimensions, which is what I'd require. Three spatial, because I'm pretty sure there's at least three. I think there's probably more.

But I'm happy just talking about the large dimensions, the three we see everywhere. Up, down, east, west, north, south, three spatial dimensions, and time is the fourth. Nobody can really visualize it, but we know mathematically how to unpack it on paper. I can mathematically suppress one of the spatial dimensions and then I can draw it pretty well.

But I'm happy just talking about the large dimensions, the three we see everywhere. Up, down, east, west, north, south, three spatial dimensions, and time is the fourth. Nobody can really visualize it, but we know mathematically how to unpack it on paper. I can mathematically suppress one of the spatial dimensions and then I can draw it pretty well.