Fred Luskin
Appearances
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Exactly. The not getting the promotion. Dana heard that, that it's about Dana. She took it personally. It's my company, my job. I did all this work. I made all this effort. She took the no, the rejection, as a personal affront.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Absolutely. So there's no denying that Dana's body and mind were affected by not getting the job. What there is room to negotiate is how much of that effect had to do with Dana's expectations, not just the not getting the job.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So Alan had a wife who cheated on him. Like, And she didn't like try to hide it. You know, it was like, we're married, but you don't satisfy me. So, you know, I have an affair. And she shut him down if he started to complain or articulate his needs. So Alan just had one of those like doozies of a story. It's all her fault. The blame is the second piece of a three-part sequence.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It starts with taking it too personally, which you covered. When we take things too personally, our mind and body react in a very harsh, physically disruptive and emotionally suffering way. And then we have to talk to ourselves about what happened. So all three of those end up as this quality of blame. You did it to me. I'm not responsible for how bad I feel.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And I'm going to talk to myself that solidifies this as a blaming story.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
You're spot on with that because when people are devastated... It's appropriate to be disrupted, dysregulated, confused, angry, lost, scared, and short-term. It's really helpful to have somebody to blame besides you.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
When something happens, we have a choice of how we talk about it. And so we can talk about it as a normal life event, a catastrophe, something to cope with, you know, something I'm here to learn from, or a sign that the world is an unfair, unsafe place. What we lose when we get too deep into a grievance story is one, we have a choice. So that story of
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
hey, I got a really crappy deal with this wife and she messed up my life for six months. That's a healthy story for a month or so. You know, it's like that's how your brain rebalances and reorganizes itself from the disruption. And it can't go directly to, oh, let's think about this. I didn't make a good choice in marriage. She gave me lots of clues.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I didn't do X. You can't reorganize coherently right away. So she's a terrible human being is a wonderful way to reorganize. The grievance story is a practice for how it is we're going to explain to ourselves what happened and what's an appropriate response for us to deal with it. The practice of it is very useful short term and destructive long term.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
When Dana wanted a promotion. She turned what she wanted into an expectation. I want to be promoted. She turned it into, I have to be promoted. When somebody gets married, they have a hope, you know, I want my partner to be faithful. but they change it into they have to be faithful. That is a rule for somebody else's behavior that you actually don't have power to enforce.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
If you wake up in the morning and you say, hey, I got a big day today, it has to be sunny and it's pouring, most normal people recognize they don't control the weather. But when an adult person does something that you don't want, we bypass that, well, a normal adult person doesn't have to do what I want.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
But when we create unenforceable rules, we start thinking an adult separate from me has to do what I want. They have to give me a promotion. They have to stay my friend. They have to be faithful. Or also, they have to talk to me. Those unenforceable rules are rigid rules. like substrates in our thinking that when they're broken, cause us to have all sorts of exaggerated distress.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
You could say that. Let's just say it was a relationship challenge. But yes, there was one situation where she demanded that I do something in her home, and it was absolutely trivial. It was something along the lines of, don't put this back here. You have to put it back here. And she was yelling at me because I had put it back in the wrong place.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So she had an unenforceable, sons-in-law can't put things back where I don't want them put back. And then I had an unenforceable rule. Moms-in-law can't talk to me like this. I heard myself saying it. In my mind, you can't talk to me like this. And I ran out the front door. I literally ran out the front door, ran away from my wife and her family, literally took a run
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
because my unenforceable role was shouting at me, she can't do this. How dare she do this? Who is she to do this? I was gone for like an hour. My wife thought I was crazy enough to have gone back to California. She wondered, and I'm not blaming one shred of this on my mother-in-law,
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I'm saying my rule, she broke my rule so strongly that I could only react that way because of the rule, not the reality of what she did.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So... Either during that run or later, I went to a pay phone. I didn't want to do it in the house. And I called up really close friends and I started to complain about my mother-in-law. And I got about 10 seconds in and the friend said, Fred, every time you go there, you call me to complain. And I looked at myself and I looked at him and said, but this one's serious.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And he said, I'm sure it's serious, but every single time you go there, you call us to complain about her and you want us to agree with you. So complain and we'll agree with you. But understand you do this every time. A light bulb went off. Wow. This woman owns me. She owns my nervous system. She owns my mind. She owns my feet. They take me to the phone. She owns me.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I mean, there's lots of information about how hostile thoughts, resentment, and blame are all negatives for long-term physical well-being. One of the studies that I liked when I was doing a lot of this was there was a linear relationship between blame and all cause like physical well-being. There is a good degree of evidence that hostile people have greater heart disease.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Yeah. And there was a recent study that linked what you're calling perseveration and anger. Both were linked to sleep quality.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Well, I mean the clearest and simplest link is with the stress response. So when you're angry or when you're pissed off or when you're blaming, you have a internalized sense of threat. Someone out there has hurt you or disappointed you or left you and you're not okay. So that sense of not okay,
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
you know, leads the brain and it signals to the adrenals and all sorts of changes to prepare you to, you know, run away. And run away doesn't have to be physically run away. It could be, I'll never talk to them again. That's a form of flight or fight them, be hostile. But the more you're angry and the more you're blaming yourself,
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
the more you arouse that system, the more you trigger an adrenalized response, the more you train your body to accommodate cortisol, the more your brain gets used to that pathway of reaction, it develops practice effects. It becomes easier to do because the templates become laid down more succinctly.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
The immediacy of arousal of anything that's a threat to us is the reason why long-term grievances are so dangerous.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
There's a distinction made between constructive and destructive anger. So when our arousal and our physiology and our threats say we need to protect ourselves, anger can be a really good response. So if somebody is hurting your kid, get angry. It's really helpful. If you see an injustice, get angry. Notice it and recognize you want this to change.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
The destructive anger is when anger does not lead to useful action. When it just becomes perseverative, and in a grievance, it actually becomes a substitute for action. In a chronic anger situation, there's a little bit of dopamine that you get, that pleasure chemical, ah, I'm doing something about it, when actually you're doing nothing constructive about it.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
The dopamine is a response to an anticipated value, But in anger, you never get that anticipated value unless you actually do something and change.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
No. I mean, issues, that's a nice way of putting it. Her husband was a serial adulterer. She had found him cheating numerous times. He said, I'm sorry. She said, OK, I'll take you back. He did it again.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So one time we brought them to the window of the fifth floor of the building on Stanford's campus. We opened the blinds and said, literally let the sun in that this murder is a horror, but it's in your past. And you want to make sure that this murder doesn't serve as like a full solar eclipse. And it doesn't mean that this didn't happen, but you can open back up to goodness.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And we gave them some practice in changing the story that they tell, the grievance story, not just to talk about how terrible it was, but what are some possibilities for moving forward.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I never tell people to forgive and forget. I tell them to forgive and remember differently. That is entirely different. I explain to them that forgiveness is not condoning. It's saving your life. I remind them that forgiveness has nothing to do with seeking justice. Forgiveness is inner healing and making peace with the life you had, not endlessly arguing with what you didn't get.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
The other thing is the whole orientation is a profound empathy for how much someone has suffered and a plea for them to not continue parts of this suffering that are under your control by fighting hard against what actually happened. So there's an empathic plea. They stole so much from you. Don't let them steal more.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It was mixed. They themselves on the whole reported improvement in mood and a dimming of the symptoms of stress. When they went back to Northern Ireland, it became much more dicey because their communities didn't want to hear about forgiveness. They themselves didn't give me grief, but their communities were not interested in going to fancy California and learning to do this.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So that was one obstacle that we learned about. The most satisfying moment of this in a very difficult experience was the second time we brought these women back, plus family members, not all of them, And one of the women's daughters, a middle-aged woman, came to us and said, thank you for giving us our mother back. She was just grief-stricken. And, you know, we couldn't get through to her.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And you reminded her, you can be grief-stricken and still, in the present, try to love someone and hold what's still good in your life.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It can be for the other person. in an important intimate relationship. So if your partner cheats, you can forgive both to free you and them. But it's an unenforceable rule thinking that if I forgive them, like they're gonna change or they forgive me, we don't have control over the other. Part of the problem
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Something snapped in her. She said, no more. You'll never treat me like this again. She threw him out. She filed for divorce. But when we met her, this guy owned her brain. And her conversation was just so dominated by him, him, him, him, him.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
of unforgiveness is our lack of control of what happened makes us feel so vulnerable and threatened that if we don't come up with a strategy that puts some of the control back in our hands, we can feel lost and scared for a long time. The simplest example is an intimate partnership.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
If your partner is a schnook and cheats on you and you don't let that go, then you sometimes bring that to the next relationship. You're going to cheat on me. I can't trust you. If you forgive it, it's not necessarily to help the past partner, but you open back up to a kind of trust so the next partner doesn't have to deal with your woundedness.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
When I got off the phone with those friends, And I had already started the forgiveness project, but it wasn't finished. I realized I need a new story. I can't keep on telling everybody how terrible my mother-in-law is and how helpless I am. I came up with a new story, which is I asked myself, Fred, why are you here? Why are you visiting her?
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And I said, because I want to support my partner, my wife, and I want my kids to know their grandma. So I said, why don't you act like it? You show up and you're a bear. You're not helping your wife. You're not helping your kids. If you can't do it, don't go. I wasn't there to get along with my mother-in-law. I was there to really support my wife.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It changed my behavior 180 degrees, changed me inside. And it transformed the forgiveness project into something really useful. Positive intention. What do you want? Why are you there? What positive thing can you move forward on so that the grievance is in the rear view mirror and not out your front windshield?
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
That was one of the most poignant experiences of my life. When my wife died, which is now about 13 years ago, I continued to visit her parents and I showed up at their home. And I knocked at the door and she comes out. I mean, we had made a peace together, but we hadn't like healed. And this was a woman who was suffering from some dementia.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And she comes out and she looks at me and says, I don't think I was that nice to you sometimes, was I? And this was a woman who was suffering from some dementia. And I said, no, at times you really weren't. And she said, I'm sorry. And I said, of course, fully accepted. The piece that completely ends this is I went back home, thought about that.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And here I am a big shot forgiveness teacher and an older woman makes the first step. That doesn't look good. And the next time I went and visited them, I knocked on her door. And I said, remember when you told me that you were sorry for treating me a certain way? I said, well, I'm here to apologize to you.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I'm sorry for all the ways that I may not have been a good son-in-law and just made your life harder. I'm deeply sorry for that. And I think we both hurt your daughter. So please accept my apology. She smiled a little. She was, you know, not fully there. Forgiveness, wrapped it up in a bow, we're both clean, and it's as if it never happened.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Oh, there's a sadness or a poignancy sometimes. When you see people who are hurt like that, her conversation is about my ex and the lost marriage and what a bad person he was. But it's shrouded in failure. It's this didn't work. I couldn't make it happen. I did my best. There were obstacles too big for me. And that has implications for her entire life.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It was a piece of research where they experimented with giving people scenarios and asking them to assume the role of different people in scenarios. So one of the scenarios that I remember was a bicycle accident. where a car was driving and it hit a bicycle. It was not a terrible accident. Nobody was killed. But they asked people to assume the role of car driver.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So in their stories, the bike driver is weaving all over the place and they're honking their horn and slowing down and skillfully trying to get around them. When they're in the role of bicyclists, it's this lunatic speeding driver came up behind me without any warning and scared the crap out of me.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I know from the show you do that you know about the negativity bias, the profound effect of our brain of finding things wrong and looking for problems. And I know because of the work you do that you know about the confirmation bias. Our meaning-making apparati are so biased, but they are biased mostly in the direction of threat. Since threat, that negativity bias, is there to protect us,
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So many of the responses that we consider innate are actually off kilter because of our need and desperate biological necessity to deal with danger and threat. So in an accident, you're going to distort this to keep your ego intact to deal with the threat.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Our memories are state-dependent. So that when you're unhappy, that gives greater access in your brain to other times when you were unhappy. When you're angry, you have greater access to stories and times when you are angry. That is to allow us to draw upon the past as to how to solve the issue that we're dealing with now.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So it would do no good if you're angry now and your memory is access to lying on the beach in Hawaii. You're not gonna get much information.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So when we have a habit of creating grievance stories around life, not only are we reacting to the current experience, but we get access to a pattern of creating grievance stories that makes the current story seem more real and the response to it seem more usual.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I mean, Alice, like everybody, tries usually what the fight-or-flight brain gives it. So if you don't like your in-laws, you go, well... I'm not going to talk to them, or I am going to tell them how I feel, or I'm going to stew, or I'm going to tell my husband to stop.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Or sometimes you say, well, none of that worked, so I won't talk to them, or I'll make the conversation short, or when they visit, I won't be here. And the really handy thing is, Instead of continuing strategies that don't help you, take 15 minutes and write them down. So we asked Alice, what do you do when your in-laws are not what you want them to be? She wrote down six things.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
We said, did they work? She said, no. We said, don't do them again. And so we saved Alice a lot of grief Because if like being snarky to your in-laws is not helpful, at least don't be snarky. Say to yourself, I know what doesn't work. Let me see if I can experiment to find out what does work.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
But that's the direct result of anger on the brain. Anger reduces blood flow to the prefrontal cortex, your thinking capacity and your creativity are dimmed. If you can soothe that anger in the moment, then you get your blood flow and your brain back and you get a chance to think of some different strategies. And that is the simplest description of how forgiveness is helpful.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Just take two slow, deep breaths into and out of your belly. Slow and deep. Just take two slow, deep breaths into and out of your belly. And when your belly inhales, allow it to expand. And now bring to your mind's eye a picture of someone you love. Just bring to your mind's eye a picture of someone you really, really, really love. And try to feel that love in your body.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
That is true for her. It's like, let me tell you. Now let me tell you. Now let me tell you again. Now let me call up grandma and tell her. The real suffering is when that failure and that loss become part of their identities. And so for somebody like Debbie, when we had encountered her, it was, hi, I'm Debbie, a woman with a lousy ex-husband and a failed marriage.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Try to almost feel it in your heart. And then you can open your eyes. What we taught Alice and all the women from Northern Ireland is When you get a picture or a thought about your mother-in-law or the murder, practice this. Don't allow your nervous system to be hijacked by stress. Practice this immediately.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
We told the women in Northern Ireland, you may have to practice this 50 times before it has an impact, but then you're starting to counter condition your stress response. With Alice, it wasn't quite that tough. So maybe after eight practices, we'd say, okay, you got your mind back. Now what can you do?
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
What might be a strategy to use with either your husband or your in-laws that doesn't bring back stress for you? And that becomes the inner guidepost. So she said, well, I guess I could just take a deep breath when they upset me. And I'd say, beautiful, try that. Or instead of giving your husband grief, ask for his help.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
You can't come up with any of those solutions as long as fight or flight is active. So PERT is just a simple practice to shut that down.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
It's a study that reviewed all the research and suggested pathways for for how forgiveness could reduce the rumination and anger that are so constant companions to fibromyalgia. And they now know that the mental component of anger and rumination blends in with the pain pathways of the physical parts and amplifies it. So when you reduce your anger and rumination, you reduce the experience of pain.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
When anger becomes chronic, that appears to amplify those pain pathways. When anger is soothed, that piece of it can go away from the pain pathway.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Well, we taught people about positive emotional intelligence centered on forgiveness. We took about 100 people in different work sites and we led them through this process of a little bit of coaching and a workshop and stuff like that. And then we evaluated at the end of like six months and it led people to be less stressed,
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
less angry, fewer symptoms of stress, but it also helped be more productive at work. That was the piece. Now, this is an uncontrolled study. We really didn't have a great control group, and it's one group, but it's the kind of study that suggests there might be more here than we acknowledge.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I wrote a blame letter about that. Here's all the things you did to ruin my life, so to speak. didn't give me what I want, but he wrote me back something that in retrospect wasn't as bad as I received it as, but because I had practiced arousal so much, I'm reading his letter and my blood pressure is like 200 over 120 and my mind's going ballistic and I have all these thoughts of anger and revenge.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And this was the third learning point for me. I said to myself, nobody will ever get this control over my nervous system again long-term. So I took a deep breath and I stepped away. I pushed the letter away. I took a deep breath and I pushed myself away and I said, calm down, calm down. Then I started reading a bit and came up with PERT
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
But his letter triggered every response that I had practiced for the last six months or a year. He fit right in with a stream going full. I had an unenforceable rule. He has to respond the way I want. I had an unenforceable rule. He has to be my friend as long as I want him to be my friend. I have an unenforceable rule. He can't take time off from the relationship.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Well, after that blame letter, we didn't have contact. But I worked on myself. This is how I developed the forgiveness project. I started trying out my new story with my wife. I created a story that looked forward, not backward. And I got hope again.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And then I don't remember who contacted who, but we met for dinner and I showed up in front of him and I sat down and I realized that I had forgiven him. But I also realized that all the work I had done for myself, I recognized that I was half the problem. That had I known how to handle this, it never would have escalated the way it did. So inside of myself, I said, I forgive you.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I didn't say anything to him. Within about a half an hour, we were the best of friends again. And nothing, there's not even been a blip in decades.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Hey, this was a delight. Again, thank you for helping me publicize forgiveness.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So she was, my mom didn't love me. I never got the kind of affection that I would hope for. I felt rejected and unwanted and I grew up with this sense of not being good enough and, you know, not having enough value in this world. And no matter what I said to mom, I couldn't get through to her. You know, like, mom, notice me. Mom, I'm around. Notice I matter. Mom was impenetrable.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
And so Jill brought that sense of frustration and invisibleness to the way she talked about what it was that had occurred 20 years ago when her mother had died. You could just feel the angst.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Precisely. And what you articulated is one of the unanticipated consequences of keeping a grievance alive. And they don't realize how integrated that wound or problem has become in their self-identity. And that link, that integration makes it seem really hard to imagine, what would I be without this?
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Sam was my closest friend for probably a decade. Somebody I considered almost a brother. and a very, very dear friend of my wife and I. I assumed that Sam would always hold that place in my life. So what happened or what transpired was he met someone who was, for whatever reason, uncomfortable with the relationship that Sam had with me and my wife.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Yeah. And he just disappeared. We're best friends and now poof. And I couldn't connect with him. And the word ghosted did not exist then. But I was ghosted. And inside of me, I fell apart. I became bitter as my trust was shattered and I developed a bit of like an agitated depression.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
When a mutual friend came to my house and said, oh, by the way, You know, he's getting married. I had absolutely no ability to integrate that information. It hit me like bricks in my face. And I just, I crumbled.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
My wife turned to me one day and said, Fred, I still love you. I just don't like you as much.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So my wife told me to go to the supermarket. And I told her I wanted to go to supermarket A because it was closer. She said, go to supermarket B, Safeway. It has what I want. I walked out of the door muttering, poor me. I get to Safeway muttering all the time, you know, people don't understand me and really like bitter.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
I walked to the place with the item that my wife is going to send me to Safeway for, and it's not there. And my self-pity is, like, overwhelming. Like, I could have gone to Albertsons. You know, why am I here? And nobody loves me, and nobody understands me. And my self-pity went to a kind of overdrive. But there was a moment where it broke.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Just one moment, I turned away from the shelf where the item was supposed to be, and I noticed for the first time I'm in Safeway, big supermarket. I literally said to myself, holy , Fred, look what you're missing. You're missing abundance. This store has everything. You're missing apples and oranges and diapers and that you have the money to pay for this.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
So I had a voice almost in me that said, pay attention, Fred, pay attention. I walked out of that supermarket and I was, I was different.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Dana is one of the people that even after a decade or more, I still remember. Her issue was that she was a great worker. for a local Silicon Valley company who worked above and beyond what anybody could expect from a employee. She came in early. She also was ambitious. And so she had an expectation that that best effort would lead to a promotion. So after a number of years of
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
getting promoted appropriately, there was a bigger job right ahead of her that she just knew she was the right person for the job and had earned it. And when she found out that she didn't get that job, she became furious. I mean, hell hath no fury. I mean, because she had checked all the boxes.
Hidden Brain
No Hard Feelings
Wasted effort and that she was an idiot for putting in all that effort. It was a multi-pronged attack towards both her employer and towards herself.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Exactly. The not getting the promotion. Dana heard that, that it's about Dana. She took it personally. It's my company, my job. I did all this work. I made all this effort. She took the no, the rejection, as a personal affront.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Absolutely. So there's no denying that Dana's body and mind were affected by not getting the job. What there is room to negotiate is how much of that effect had to do with Dana's expectations, not just the not getting the job.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So Alan had a wife who cheated on him. Like, And she didn't like try to hide it. You know, it was like, we're married, but you don't satisfy me. So, you know, I have an affair. And she shut him down if he started to complain or articulate his needs. So Alan just had one of those like doozies of a story. It's all her fault. The blame is the second piece of a three-part sequence.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It starts with taking it too personally, which you covered. When we take things too personally, our mind and body react in a very harsh, physically disruptive and emotionally suffering way. And then we have to talk to ourselves about what happened. So all three of those end up as this quality of blame. You did it to me. I'm not responsible for how bad I feel.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And I'm going to talk to myself that solidifies this as a blaming story.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
You're spot on with that because when people are devastated... It's appropriate to be disrupted, dysregulated, confused, angry, lost, scared, and short-term. It's really helpful to have somebody to blame besides you.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
When something happens, we have a choice of how we talk about it. And so we can talk about it as a normal life event, a catastrophe, something to cope with, you know, something I'm here to learn from, or a sign that the world is an unfair, unsafe place. What we lose when we get too deep into a grievance story is one, we have a choice. So that story of
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
hey, I got a really crappy deal with this wife and she messed up my life for six months. That's a healthy story for a month or so. You know, it's like that's how your brain rebalances and reorganizes itself from the disruption. And it can't go directly to, oh, let's think about this. I didn't make a good choice in marriage. She gave me lots of clues.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I didn't do X. You can't reorganize coherently right away. So she's a terrible human being is a wonderful way to reorganize. The grievance story is a practice for how it is we're going to explain to ourselves what happened and what's an appropriate response for us to deal with it. The practice of it is very useful short term and destructive long term.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
When Dana wanted a promotion. She turned what she wanted into an expectation. I want to be promoted. She turned it into, I have to be promoted. When somebody gets married, they have a hope, you know, I want my partner to be faithful. but they change it into they have to be faithful. That is a rule for somebody else's behavior that you actually don't have power to enforce.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
If you wake up in the morning and you say, hey, I got a big day today, it has to be sunny and it's pouring, most normal people recognize they don't control the weather. But when an adult person does something that you don't want, we bypass that, well, a normal adult person doesn't have to do what I want.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
But when we create unenforceable rules, we start thinking an adult separate from me has to do what I want. They have to give me a promotion. They have to stay my friend. They have to be faithful. Or also, they have to talk to me. Those unenforceable rules are rigid rules. like substrates in our thinking that when they're broken, cause us to have all sorts of exaggerated distress.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
You could say that. Let's just say it was a relationship challenge. But yes, there was one situation where she demanded that I do something in her home, and it was absolutely trivial. It was something along the lines of, don't put this back here. You have to put it back here. And she was yelling at me because I had put it back in the wrong place.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So she had an unenforceable, sons-in-law can't put things back where I don't want them put back. And then I had an unenforceable rule. Moms-in-law can't talk to me like this. I heard myself saying it. In my mind, you can't talk to me like this. And I ran out the front door. I literally ran out the front door, ran away from my wife and her family, literally took a run
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
because my unenforceable role was shouting at me, she can't do this. How dare she do this? Who is she to do this? I was gone for like an hour. My wife thought I was crazy enough to have gone back to California. She wondered, and I'm not blaming one shred of this on my mother-in-law,
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I'm saying my rule, she broke my rule so strongly that I could only react that way because of the rule, not the reality of what she did.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So... Either during that run or later, I went to a pay phone. I didn't want to do it in the house. And I called up really close friends and I started to complain about my mother-in-law. And I got about 10 seconds in and the friend said, Fred, every time you go there, you call me to complain. And I looked at myself and I looked at him and said, but this one's serious.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And he said, I'm sure it's serious, but every single time you go there, you call us to complain about her and you want us to agree with you. So complain and we'll agree with you. But understand you do this every time. A light bulb went off. Wow. This woman owns me. She owns my nervous system. She owns my mind. She owns my feet. They take me to the phone. She owns me.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I mean, there's lots of information about how hostile thoughts, resentment, and blame are all negatives for long-term physical well-being. One of the studies that I liked when I was doing a lot of this was there was a linear relationship between blame and all cause like physical well-being. There is a good degree of evidence that hostile people have greater heart disease.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Yeah. And there was a recent study that linked what you're calling perseveration and anger. Both were linked to sleep quality.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Well, I mean the clearest and simplest link is with the stress response. So when you're angry or when you're pissed off or when you're blaming, you have a internalized sense of threat. Someone out there has hurt you or disappointed you or left you and you're not okay. So that sense of not okay,
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
you know, leads the brain and it signals to the adrenals and all sorts of changes to prepare you to, you know, run away. And run away doesn't have to be physically run away. It could be, I'll never talk to them again. That's a form of flight or fight them, be hostile. But the more you're angry and the more you're blaming yourself,
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
the more you arouse that system, the more you trigger an adrenalized response, the more you train your body to accommodate cortisol, the more your brain gets used to that pathway of reaction, it develops practice effects. It becomes easier to do because the templates become laid down more succinctly.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
The immediacy of arousal of anything that's a threat to us is the reason why long-term grievances are so dangerous.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
There's a distinction made between constructive and destructive anger. So when our arousal and our physiology and our threats say we need to protect ourselves, anger can be a really good response. So if somebody is hurting your kid, get angry. It's really helpful. If you see an injustice, get angry. Notice it and recognize you want this to change.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
The destructive anger is when anger does not lead to useful action. When it just becomes perseverative, and in a grievance, it actually becomes a substitute for action. In a chronic anger situation, there's a little bit of dopamine that you get, that pleasure chemical, ah, I'm doing something about it, when actually you're doing nothing constructive about it.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
The dopamine is a response to an anticipated value, But in anger, you never get that anticipated value unless you actually do something and change.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
No. I mean, issues, that's a nice way of putting it. Her husband was a serial adulterer. She had found him cheating numerous times. He said, I'm sorry. She said, OK, I'll take you back. He did it again.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So one time we brought them to the window of the fifth floor of the building on Stanford's campus. We opened the blinds and said, literally let the sun in that this murder is a horror, but it's in your past. And you want to make sure that this murder doesn't serve as like a full solar eclipse. And it doesn't mean that this didn't happen, but you can open back up to goodness.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And we gave them some practice in changing the story that they tell, the grievance story, not just to talk about how terrible it was, but what are some possibilities for moving forward.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I never tell people to forgive and forget. I tell them to forgive and remember differently. That is entirely different. I explain to them that forgiveness is not condoning. It's saving your life. I remind them that forgiveness has nothing to do with seeking justice. Forgiveness is inner healing and making peace with the life you had, not endlessly arguing with what you didn't get.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
The other thing is the whole orientation is a profound empathy for how much someone has suffered and a plea for them to not continue parts of this suffering that are under your control by fighting hard against what actually happened. So there's an empathic plea. They stole so much from you. Don't let them steal more.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It was mixed. They themselves on the whole reported improvement in mood and a dimming of the symptoms of stress. When they went back to Northern Ireland, it became much more dicey because their communities didn't want to hear about forgiveness. They themselves didn't give me grief, but their communities were not interested in going to fancy California and learning to do this.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So that was one obstacle that we learned about. The most satisfying moment of this in a very difficult experience was the second time we brought these women back, plus family members, not all of them, And one of the women's daughters, a middle-aged woman, came to us and said, thank you for giving us our mother back. She was just grief-stricken. And, you know, we couldn't get through to her.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And you reminded her, you can be grief-stricken and still, in the present, try to love someone and hold what's still good in your life.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It can be for the other person. in an important intimate relationship. So if your partner cheats, you can forgive both to free you and them. But it's an unenforceable rule thinking that if I forgive them, like they're gonna change or they forgive me, we don't have control over the other. Part of the problem
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Something snapped in her. She said, no more. You'll never treat me like this again. She threw him out. She filed for divorce. But when we met her, this guy owned her brain. And her conversation was just so dominated by him, him, him, him, him.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
of unforgiveness is our lack of control of what happened makes us feel so vulnerable and threatened that if we don't come up with a strategy that puts some of the control back in our hands, we can feel lost and scared for a long time. The simplest example is an intimate partnership.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
If your partner is a schnook and cheats on you and you don't let that go, then you sometimes bring that to the next relationship. You're going to cheat on me. I can't trust you. If you forgive it, it's not necessarily to help the past partner, but you open back up to a kind of trust so the next partner doesn't have to deal with your woundedness.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
When I got off the phone with those friends, And I had already started the forgiveness project, but it wasn't finished. I realized I need a new story. I can't keep on telling everybody how terrible my mother-in-law is and how helpless I am. I came up with a new story, which is I asked myself, Fred, why are you here? Why are you visiting her?
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And I said, because I want to support my partner, my wife, and I want my kids to know their grandma. So I said, why don't you act like it? You show up and you're a bear. You're not helping your wife. You're not helping your kids. If you can't do it, don't go. I wasn't there to get along with my mother-in-law. I was there to really support my wife.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It changed my behavior 180 degrees, changed me inside. And it transformed the forgiveness project into something really useful. Positive intention. What do you want? Why are you there? What positive thing can you move forward on so that the grievance is in the rear view mirror and not out your front windshield?
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
That was one of the most poignant experiences of my life. When my wife died, which is now about 13 years ago, I continued to visit her parents and I showed up at their home. And I knocked at the door and she comes out. I mean, we had made a peace together, but we hadn't like healed. And this was a woman who was suffering from some dementia.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And she comes out and she looks at me and says, I don't think I was that nice to you sometimes, was I? And this was a woman who was suffering from some dementia. And I said, no, at times you really weren't. And she said, I'm sorry. And I said, of course, fully accepted. The piece that completely ends this is I went back home, thought about that.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And here I am a big shot forgiveness teacher and an older woman makes the first step. That doesn't look good. And the next time I went and visited them, I knocked on her door. And I said, remember when you told me that you were sorry for treating me a certain way? I said, well, I'm here to apologize to you.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I'm sorry for all the ways that I may not have been a good son-in-law and just made your life harder. I'm deeply sorry for that. And I think we both hurt your daughter. So please accept my apology. She smiled a little. She was, you know, not fully there. Forgiveness, wrapped it up in a bow, we're both clean, and it's as if it never happened.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Oh, there's a sadness or a poignancy sometimes. When you see people who are hurt like that, her conversation is about my ex and the lost marriage and what a bad person he was. But it's shrouded in failure. It's this didn't work. I couldn't make it happen. I did my best. There were obstacles too big for me. And that has implications for her entire life.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It was a piece of research where they experimented with giving people scenarios and asking them to assume the role of different people in scenarios. So one of the scenarios that I remember was a bicycle accident. where a car was driving and it hit a bicycle. It was not a terrible accident. Nobody was killed. But they asked people to assume the role of car driver.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So in their stories, the bike driver is weaving all over the place and they're honking their horn and slowing down and skillfully trying to get around them. When they're in the role of bicyclists, it's this lunatic speeding driver came up behind me without any warning and scared the crap out of me.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I know from the show you do that you know about the negativity bias, the profound effect of our brain of finding things wrong and looking for problems. And I know because of the work you do that you know about the confirmation bias. Our meaning-making apparati are so biased, but they are biased mostly in the direction of threat. Since threat, that negativity bias, is there to protect us,
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So many of the responses that we consider innate are actually off kilter because of our need and desperate biological necessity to deal with danger and threat. So in an accident, you're going to distort this to keep your ego intact to deal with the threat.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Our memories are state-dependent. So that when you're unhappy, that gives greater access in your brain to other times when you were unhappy. When you're angry, you have greater access to stories and times when you are angry. That is to allow us to draw upon the past as to how to solve the issue that we're dealing with now.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So it would do no good if you're angry now and your memory is access to lying on the beach in Hawaii. You're not gonna get much information.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So when we have a habit of creating grievance stories around life, not only are we reacting to the current experience, but we get access to a pattern of creating grievance stories that makes the current story seem more real and the response to it seem more usual.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I mean, Alice, like everybody, tries usually what the fight-or-flight brain gives it. So if you don't like your in-laws, you go, well... I'm not going to talk to them, or I am going to tell them how I feel, or I'm going to stew, or I'm going to tell my husband to stop.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Or sometimes you say, well, none of that worked, so I won't talk to them, or I'll make the conversation short, or when they visit, I won't be here. And the really handy thing is, Instead of continuing strategies that don't help you, take 15 minutes and write them down. So we asked Alice, what do you do when your in-laws are not what you want them to be? She wrote down six things.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
We said, did they work? She said, no. We said, don't do them again. And so we saved Alice a lot of grief Because if like being snarky to your in-laws is not helpful, at least don't be snarky. Say to yourself, I know what doesn't work. Let me see if I can experiment to find out what does work.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
But that's the direct result of anger on the brain. Anger reduces blood flow to the prefrontal cortex, your thinking capacity and your creativity are dimmed. If you can soothe that anger in the moment, then you get your blood flow and your brain back and you get a chance to think of some different strategies. And that is the simplest description of how forgiveness is helpful.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Just take two slow, deep breaths into and out of your belly. Slow and deep. Just take two slow, deep breaths into and out of your belly. And when your belly inhales, allow it to expand. And now bring to your mind's eye a picture of someone you love. Just bring to your mind's eye a picture of someone you really, really, really love. And try to feel that love in your body.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
That is true for her. It's like, let me tell you. Now let me tell you. Now let me tell you again. Now let me call up grandma and tell her. The real suffering is when that failure and that loss become part of their identities. And so for somebody like Debbie, when we had encountered her, it was, hi, I'm Debbie, a woman with a lousy ex-husband and a failed marriage.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Try to almost feel it in your heart. And then you can open your eyes. What we taught Alice and all the women from Northern Ireland is When you get a picture or a thought about your mother-in-law or the murder, practice this. Don't allow your nervous system to be hijacked by stress. Practice this immediately.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
We told the women in Northern Ireland, you may have to practice this 50 times before it has an impact, but then you're starting to counter condition your stress response. With Alice, it wasn't quite that tough. So maybe after eight practices, we'd say, okay, you got your mind back. Now what can you do?
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
What might be a strategy to use with either your husband or your in-laws that doesn't bring back stress for you? And that becomes the inner guidepost. So she said, well, I guess I could just take a deep breath when they upset me. And I'd say, beautiful, try that. Or instead of giving your husband grief, ask for his help.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
You can't come up with any of those solutions as long as fight or flight is active. So PERT is just a simple practice to shut that down.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
It's a study that reviewed all the research and suggested pathways for for how forgiveness could reduce the rumination and anger that are so constant companions to fibromyalgia. And they now know that the mental component of anger and rumination blends in with the pain pathways of the physical parts and amplifies it. So when you reduce your anger and rumination, you reduce the experience of pain.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
When anger becomes chronic, that appears to amplify those pain pathways. When anger is soothed, that piece of it can go away from the pain pathway.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Well, we taught people about positive emotional intelligence centered on forgiveness. We took about 100 people in different work sites and we led them through this process of a little bit of coaching and a workshop and stuff like that. And then we evaluated at the end of like six months and it led people to be less stressed,
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
less angry, fewer symptoms of stress, but it also helped be more productive at work. That was the piece. Now, this is an uncontrolled study. We really didn't have a great control group, and it's one group, but it's the kind of study that suggests there might be more here than we acknowledge.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I wrote a blame letter about that. Here's all the things you did to ruin my life, so to speak. didn't give me what I want, but he wrote me back something that in retrospect wasn't as bad as I received it as, but because I had practiced arousal so much, I'm reading his letter and my blood pressure is like 200 over 120 and my mind's going ballistic and I have all these thoughts of anger and revenge.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And this was the third learning point for me. I said to myself, nobody will ever get this control over my nervous system again long-term. So I took a deep breath and I stepped away. I pushed the letter away. I took a deep breath and I pushed myself away and I said, calm down, calm down. Then I started reading a bit and came up with PERT
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So that had meant that it was now integrated into her self-concept.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
But his letter triggered every response that I had practiced for the last six months or a year. He fit right in with a stream going full. I had an unenforceable rule. He has to respond the way I want. I had an unenforceable rule. He has to be my friend as long as I want him to be my friend. I have an unenforceable rule. He can't take time off from the relationship.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I then started to untangle those unenforceable rules.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Well, after that blame letter, we didn't have contact. But I worked on myself. This is how I developed the forgiveness project. I started trying out my new story with my wife. I created a story that looked forward, not backward. And I got hope again.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And then I don't remember who contacted who, but we met for dinner and I showed up in front of him and I sat down and I realized that I had forgiven him. But I also realized that all the work I had done for myself, I recognized that I was half the problem. That had I known how to handle this, it never would have escalated the way it did. So inside of myself, I said, I forgive you.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I didn't say anything to him. Within about a half an hour, we were the best of friends again. And nothing, there's not even been a blip in decades.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Hey, this was a delight. Again, thank you for helping me publicize forgiveness.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So she was, my mom didn't love me. I never got the kind of affection that I would hope for. I felt rejected and unwanted and I grew up with this sense of not being good enough and, you know, not having enough value in this world. And no matter what I said to mom, I couldn't get through to her. You know, like, mom, notice me. Mom, I'm around. Notice I matter. Mom was impenetrable.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
And so Jill brought that sense of frustration and invisibleness to the way she talked about what it was that had occurred 20 years ago when her mother had died. You could just feel the angst.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Precisely. And what you articulated is one of the unanticipated consequences of keeping a grievance alive. And they don't realize how integrated that wound or problem has become in their self-identity. And that link, that integration makes it seem really hard to imagine, what would I be without this?
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Sam was my closest friend for probably a decade. Somebody I considered almost a brother. and a very, very dear friend of my wife and I. I assumed that Sam would always hold that place in my life. So what happened or what transpired was he met someone who was, for whatever reason, uncomfortable with the relationship that Sam had with me and my wife.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Yeah. And he just disappeared. We're best friends and now poof. And I couldn't connect with him. And the word ghosted did not exist then. But I was ghosted. And inside of me, I fell apart. I became bitter as my trust was shattered and I developed a bit of like an agitated depression.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
When a mutual friend came to my house and said, oh, by the way, You know, he's getting married. I had absolutely no ability to integrate that information. It hit me like bricks in my face. And I just, I crumbled.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
My wife turned to me one day and said, Fred, I still love you. I just don't like you as much.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So my wife told me to go to the supermarket. And I told her I wanted to go to supermarket A because it was closer. She said, go to supermarket B, Safeway. It has what I want. I walked out of the door muttering, poor me. I get to Safeway muttering all the time, you know, people don't understand me and really like bitter.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
I walked to the place with the item that my wife is going to send me to Safeway for, and it's not there. And my self-pity is, like, overwhelming. Like, I could have gone to Albertsons. You know, why am I here? And nobody loves me, and nobody understands me. And my self-pity went to a kind of overdrive. But there was a moment where it broke.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Just one moment, I turned away from the shelf where the item was supposed to be, and I noticed for the first time I'm in Safeway, big supermarket. I literally said to myself, holy , Fred, look what you're missing. You're missing abundance. This store has everything. You're missing apples and oranges and diapers and that you have the money to pay for this.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
So I had a voice almost in me that said, pay attention, Fred, pay attention. I walked out of that supermarket and I was, I was different.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Dana is one of the people that even after a decade or more, I still remember. Her issue was that she was a great worker. for a local Silicon Valley company who worked above and beyond what anybody could expect from a employee. She came in early. She also was ambitious. And so she had an expectation that that best effort would lead to a promotion. So after a number of years of
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
getting promoted appropriately, there was a bigger job right ahead of her that she just knew she was the right person for the job and had earned it. And when she found out that she didn't get that job, she became furious. I mean, hell hath no fury. I mean, because she had checked all the boxes.
The Bible Recap
Day 034 (Exodus 13-15) - Year 7
Wasted effort and that she was an idiot for putting in all that effort. It was a multi-pronged attack towards both her employer and towards herself.