Dr. Michael Peppard

Yeah. I mean, traditionally, the rite of confirmation is an anointing with oil and the rite of baptism is primarily water. And so there's a different matter that's used. And traditionally, the confirmation is kind of descent of the Holy Spirit is a theological idea, but But yeah, for an adult, the experience is quite similar. Interesting.

Yeah. I mean, traditionally, the rite of confirmation is an anointing with oil and the rite of baptism is primarily water. And so there's a different matter that's used. And traditionally, the confirmation is kind of descent of the Holy Spirit is a theological idea, but But yeah, for an adult, the experience is quite similar. Interesting.

Yes. So, for sure, there are degrees of sacrifice in the ancient Mediterranean mindset. You know, the sacrifice of bull or even a cow is a major, major event. Yeah. Right? No one would take that lightly. It's a major economic event. It's, you know... the emperor had a son kind of event, right? Or sacrifice a cow or a bull.

Yes. So, for sure, there are degrees of sacrifice in the ancient Mediterranean mindset. You know, the sacrifice of bull or even a cow is a major, major event. Yeah. Right? No one would take that lightly. It's a major economic event. It's, you know... the emperor had a son kind of event, right? Or sacrifice a cow or a bull.

I mean, and there are some annual rites where in Greco-Roman religion where you have certain animals that are for specific rites, but the vast majority of sacrifices is much more small than that. You know, grain and birds and smaller animals and things like that. But I would say you would not

I mean, and there are some annual rites where in Greco-Roman religion where you have certain animals that are for specific rites, but the vast majority of sacrifices is much more small than that. You know, grain and birds and smaller animals and things like that. But I would say you would not

um have much access to meat that wasn't sacrificed to some god or other yes there's no you know shop right or supermarket where you get where you get meat so um fish is kind of an unusual category then so this is why jews in the diaspora like jews in rome are eating fish because they don't have to then participate they don't have to worry that they're eating meat sacrificed to athena

um have much access to meat that wasn't sacrificed to some god or other yes there's no you know shop right or supermarket where you get where you get meat so um fish is kind of an unusual category then so this is why jews in the diaspora like jews in rome are eating fish because they don't have to then participate they don't have to worry that they're eating meat sacrificed to athena

Because they're like, they're not, fish are not sacrificial foods for whatever reason. They're just in a different cultural category where you can. That is so funny. But like if you're a Jew living in Rome in the first century, any meat that comes across your table like potentially is idolatrous.

Because they're like, they're not, fish are not sacrificial foods for whatever reason. They're just in a different cultural category where you can. That is so funny. But like if you're a Jew living in Rome in the first century, any meat that comes across your table like potentially is idolatrous.

Well, kosher laws already existed before that, but this is more like when Jews are living outside of their homeland. I see. And they're not the majority, right? They're not interacting with these other peoples. I mean, so in the New Testament, just like to continue with this, because this also gets back to your Eucharist question.

Well, kosher laws already existed before that, but this is more like when Jews are living outside of their homeland. I see. And they're not the majority, right? They're not interacting with these other peoples. I mean, so in the New Testament, just like to continue with this, because this also gets back to your Eucharist question.

Outside of the Last Supper narrative in the Gospels, the main place we learn about this is in 1 Corinthians. So Paul writes a long letter to a church in Corinth, which is in Greece, and it's a church full of questions and full of problems. It's an amazing document. I highly recommend everyone to read 1 Corinthians with a study Bible with notes because it's confusing. But

Outside of the Last Supper narrative in the Gospels, the main place we learn about this is in 1 Corinthians. So Paul writes a long letter to a church in Corinth, which is in Greece, and it's a church full of questions and full of problems. It's an amazing document. I highly recommend everyone to read 1 Corinthians with a study Bible with notes because it's confusing. But

They have, I don't know, eight or nine or 10 major questions they're asking Paul, these new converts, right? Like, what do we do about sex? Should we free our slaves? Can we marry non-believers? They have lots of questions about the resurrection of the dead. Can we take each other to court?

They have, I don't know, eight or nine or 10 major questions they're asking Paul, these new converts, right? Like, what do we do about sex? Should we free our slaves? Can we marry non-believers? They have lots of questions about the resurrection of the dead. Can we take each other to court?

Because now we're supposed to be like in the same quote unquote family, like, but this guy's bothering me and we have a civil dispute. Can I take my neighbor to court? You get the idea. But one of the questions they have that Paul answers in three chapters, it's the longest argument in all his letters, is about eating meat.

Because now we're supposed to be like in the same quote unquote family, like, but this guy's bothering me and we have a civil dispute. Can I take my neighbor to court? You get the idea. But one of the questions they have that Paul answers in three chapters, it's the longest argument in all his letters, is about eating meat.

And we like hardly ever read this because we don't think of this as a big deal. Like we go buy burgers at the store, cook them up, whatever. For them, this is an enormous question because eating meat in a Greek city in the first century functionally means communing with a Greek God.

And we like hardly ever read this because we don't think of this as a big deal. Like we go buy burgers at the store, cook them up, whatever. For them, this is an enormous question because eating meat in a Greek city in the first century functionally means communing with a Greek God.