Dr. Michael Peppard

Because a priest in the ancient Mediterranean world, in all the languages, really, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, it primarily meant a presider and a sacrifice. it didn't mean you're a good person. It didn't mean you're give good, good advice. You know, it didn't mean any of these things, um, mostly hereditary associated with temples or shrines, you know, you presiding in the sacrifice.

Because a priest in the ancient Mediterranean world, in all the languages, really, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, it primarily meant a presider and a sacrifice. it didn't mean you're a good person. It didn't mean you're give good, good advice. You know, it didn't mean any of these things, um, mostly hereditary associated with temples or shrines, you know, you presiding in the sacrifice.

So Christians until two 50 didn't really call people priests. They called them elders, deacons, Bishop. Oh, it's like over for overseer or, um, the, you know, Disciple, shepherd, there's a lot of terms, but not priest because they weren't doing actual sacrifice, which has a meaning that's very specific on an altar, on a shrine, at a temple, whatever. But now when they have this conflict...

So Christians until two 50 didn't really call people priests. They called them elders, deacons, Bishop. Oh, it's like over for overseer or, um, the, you know, Disciple, shepherd, there's a lot of terms, but not priest because they weren't doing actual sacrifice, which has a meaning that's very specific on an altar, on a shrine, at a temple, whatever. But now when they have this conflict...

that was started by the Roman emperor. Now they have this conflict and they start to say, wait a minute. No, we do. We do have, we have a different sacrifice and we have our different priests and it's not the one that you have.

that was started by the Roman emperor. Now they have this conflict and they start to say, wait a minute. No, we do. We do have, we have a different sacrifice and we have our different priests and it's not the one that you have.

And now we've shown it, but enough of us kind of stood up to you and you actually get a blossoming of what comes to be the sacramental worldview and the sacramental system where you get ideas of what I wouldn't use the word transubstantiation for that period, but you get these ideas of the deep reality of the ritual, that this is not just a notional idea. It is not just symbolic.

And now we've shown it, but enough of us kind of stood up to you and you actually get a blossoming of what comes to be the sacramental worldview and the sacramental system where you get ideas of what I wouldn't use the word transubstantiation for that period, but you get these ideas of the deep reality of the ritual, that this is not just a notional idea. It is not just symbolic.

Lives are on the line for this ritual. You also get the idea of confession and absolution in a community that comes in more strongly. And then eventually through all of this, you get questions about baptism and rebaptism. It's like, what if someone who baptized you, Mark, is someone who capitulated in this moment? Then people are like, well, is your baptism valid?

Lives are on the line for this ritual. You also get the idea of confession and absolution in a community that comes in more strongly. And then eventually through all of this, you get questions about baptism and rebaptism. It's like, what if someone who baptized you, Mark, is someone who capitulated in this moment? Then people are like, well, is your baptism valid?

And they have to ask that question. And they ultimately decide it is, but it's a real live question that they're, they're arguing about. And so then they decide that baptism is not dependent on the holiness of the baptizer.

And they have to ask that question. And they ultimately decide it is, but it's a real live question that they're, they're arguing about. And so then they decide that baptism is not dependent on the holiness of the baptizer.

So anyone can baptize. Water and form, maybe. That's it. Right. The Trinity and water in the Catholic tradition is what it is. But the reason I wanted to talk about 250 is that so many of what comes to be the Catholic sacramental worldview comes out of this period of conflict about sacrifice. And they're all sort of connected. They all end up being kind of connected, right? Oh, that's interesting.

So anyone can baptize. Water and form, maybe. That's it. Right. The Trinity and water in the Catholic tradition is what it is. But the reason I wanted to talk about 250 is that so many of what comes to be the Catholic sacramental worldview comes out of this period of conflict about sacrifice. And they're all sort of connected. They all end up being kind of connected, right? Oh, that's interesting.

Is it really a sacrament? They certainly didn't think so. They didn't think so. That was just a civil, civil transaction, you know?

Is it really a sacrament? They certainly didn't think so. They didn't think so. That was just a civil, civil transaction, you know?

Well, holy orders, ordination, anointing of the sick or last rites.

Well, holy orders, ordination, anointing of the sick or last rites.

And then confirmation kind of comes later as well.

And then confirmation kind of comes later as well.