Andrew Gallimore

No, because if you think about perception in the same way of looking like a video camera, just taking images of the world, that's not how it works.

The brain must actively construct a model of the environment.

That's what it's always doing.

It's always constructing a model, and it is constantly using that model to make predictions.

predictions about the evolution of sensory information.

It's constantly saying, okay, if this model that I'm currently using is good, then this should happen next.

This is the pattern of sensory information that I should receive next.

So if I, for example, move this bottle of water

across your perceptual field, even if you close your eyes, you could probably tell me where the water's going to be in a couple of seconds because it's moving.

Your brain has a model of the water, and it is using that to make predictions.

And it's only when something surprising happens, you know, if the water, if I do this, and your brain detects that there's something, its predictions start to fail, and you get these error signals, and these are what...

flow into the brain and the brain uses then to kind of update its model until the errors decline.

So you never have direct access to the world or to the environment, should I say.

You only have direct access to this model that your brain is constructing.

I mean, they are.

They are.

I mean, yeah.

I mean, their brain, the structure of their brain, the organization of their neural networks.

And it's all different in everyone.

Everyone has a unique brain.