Dr. Oliver Grunman

Sure. Yes. Hello. My name is Oliver Gruntman. I'm a clinical professor and assistant dean at the College of Pharmacy, University of Florida.

Sure. Yes. Hello. My name is Oliver Gruntman. I'm a clinical professor and assistant dean at the College of Pharmacy, University of Florida.

Sure. Yes. Hello. My name is Oliver Gruntman. I'm a clinical professor and assistant dean at the College of Pharmacy, University of Florida.

Yeah, some call it kratom, others call it kratom. What do you say? I say kratom because in its native Southeast Asia, it's called kratom. So they put the emphasis on the last syllable. And I've studied it since 2016.

Yeah, some call it kratom, others call it kratom. What do you say? I say kratom because in its native Southeast Asia, it's called kratom. So they put the emphasis on the last syllable. And I've studied it since 2016.

Yeah, some call it kratom, others call it kratom. What do you say? I say kratom because in its native Southeast Asia, it's called kratom. So they put the emphasis on the last syllable. And I've studied it since 2016.

So Kratom is both the name of a tree that grows natively in Southeast Asia, in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia now, and also the actual product. Kratom, like the leaves of the tree that are being used to prepare a number of different products that are now on the market in the US.

So Kratom is both the name of a tree that grows natively in Southeast Asia, in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia now, and also the actual product. Kratom, like the leaves of the tree that are being used to prepare a number of different products that are now on the market in the US.

So Kratom is both the name of a tree that grows natively in Southeast Asia, in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia now, and also the actual product. Kratom, like the leaves of the tree that are being used to prepare a number of different products that are now on the market in the US.

Traditionally, it has been used for at least the last 150 years, tracing it back to 1830 when it was first reported by a Dutch botanist who was traveling to Thailand and Malaysia. And his name is Korthalis. And Korthalis actually observed the plant being used, both the fresh leaves being chewed

Traditionally, it has been used for at least the last 150 years, tracing it back to 1830 when it was first reported by a Dutch botanist who was traveling to Thailand and Malaysia. And his name is Korthalis. And Korthalis actually observed the plant being used, both the fresh leaves being chewed

Traditionally, it has been used for at least the last 150 years, tracing it back to 1830 when it was first reported by a Dutch botanist who was traveling to Thailand and Malaysia. And his name is Korthalis. And Korthalis actually observed the plant being used, both the fresh leaves being chewed

to give a stimulant effect, as well as the leaves being brewed into a tea, prepared into a tea, cooked for like two to three hours, the fresh leaves, and then that tea being consumed by indigenous folks, native folks in Southeast Asia.

to give a stimulant effect, as well as the leaves being brewed into a tea, prepared into a tea, cooked for like two to three hours, the fresh leaves, and then that tea being consumed by indigenous folks, native folks in Southeast Asia.

to give a stimulant effect, as well as the leaves being brewed into a tea, prepared into a tea, cooked for like two to three hours, the fresh leaves, and then that tea being consumed by indigenous folks, native folks in Southeast Asia.

Yeah, so the stimulant effect, some people describe it as when you get a little bit tipsy on alcohol in the beginning, you kind of get more sociable, so more of a kind of releasing, inhibition releasing effect. Others describe it as the slight boost that they get in the morning from their cup of joe, so from caffeine or coffee.

Yeah, so the stimulant effect, some people describe it as when you get a little bit tipsy on alcohol in the beginning, you kind of get more sociable, so more of a kind of releasing, inhibition releasing effect. Others describe it as the slight boost that they get in the morning from their cup of joe, so from caffeine or coffee.

Yeah, so the stimulant effect, some people describe it as when you get a little bit tipsy on alcohol in the beginning, you kind of get more sociable, so more of a kind of releasing, inhibition releasing effect. Others describe it as the slight boost that they get in the morning from their cup of joe, so from caffeine or coffee.

And then others sometimes compare it to a little bit stronger stimulant effect. So I think it depends on the individual who is consuming it. When we talk about euphoria, that is more related to its comparison with opioids. So the opioid-like euphoria you would get at much higher doses when you kind of pass the relaxing and sedative stages and go into the more analgesic and opioid-like effects.

And then others sometimes compare it to a little bit stronger stimulant effect. So I think it depends on the individual who is consuming it. When we talk about euphoria, that is more related to its comparison with opioids. So the opioid-like euphoria you would get at much higher doses when you kind of pass the relaxing and sedative stages and go into the more analgesic and opioid-like effects.