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Becca Bressler

Appearances

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1005.925

So in the world of Harvey's analogy here, PP13 is blowing up the grocery store. The placenta produces it. It goes off to some other part of the uterus that the placenta isn't trying to invade.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1029.013

And while the whole police force is over there dealing with the PP-13, the placenta's digging claws bust through.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1148.476

And this can also go wrong in the other direction.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1167.023

But if neither side wins the war, then after nine months, give or take a few weeks... You have a baby. And poof is exactly what it feels like.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1285.536

Yeah. And then Harvey told us how the placenta, this little alien invader and all its thirsty veins and tendrils and hooks, how it leaves the body.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1325.253

And they do, like immediately. There's this river of blood fountaining into the placenta that just shuts off.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1372.119

Yeah, in some sense, I think of it as like the OG parent for the baby. It's one mission is to help that embryo grow into a healthy fetus and deliver a baby. And it's developed this sort of like incredible way of somehow making sure all of its needs are met in such a selfless sort of way that I've started seeing it as the first parent.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1438.491

I mean, I guess it goes in the garbage most of the time. I feel really sad that I can't meet mine. I think once you know all that it's done for you, I just wish I could meet it.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1452.044

Yeah, and hold it.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1456.689

Put it in my closet. I don't know.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1590.358

Tina was living in Michigan.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1613.313

How did that make you feel when you heard that?

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

1665.444

We got to send that family this podcast. I'm sure we can't know who they are, hip-hop.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

190.738

Let me turn it down.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

258.565

This is Harvey.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

260.406

He studies the placenta.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

265.09

Where he has a cabinet of placentas.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

269.493

Which we visited. We'll come back to that.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

273.356

But before we do...

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

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So about 40 years ago, Harvey's just gotten out of medical school.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

291.348

Studying ovaries.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

303.251

And these other scientists in the lab ended up with this thing called a gradient, where the different kinds of cells in the placenta were sort of separated out. They can look at them independently.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

343.416

He saw these cells, sort of a bubbling cauldron of cells.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

349.481

Later, he'd make movies of them.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

360.591

They were growing very aggressively in a way that surprised him.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

382.83

And that's the story we're going to tell you.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

510.428

Okay, so Harvey says the first thing you have to understand is that that tiny embryo with its little baby placenta cells wrapped around it like a blanket, it is not welcome in the mother's body.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

526.84

You know, the pregnancy is a little bit genetically the mom, but also a little bit the dad.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

534.862

Which, for the mother's body, is not normal.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

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Melissa Wilson, geneticist at Arizona State. We need to get rid of not-self.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

557.153

And so if an embryo just waltzes into a uterus one day without a little placenta blanket around it, the mother's body would gather up a squad of white blood cells, send them out to find it, shred it apart, and kill it.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

644.045

So the placenta is in the uterus looking around for food. And it does this thing, something kind of tricky, something that when we heard about it actually feels like it's skipping ahead nine months. Harvey says it produces this hormone, HCG, happens to be the hormone that activates pregnancy tests.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

692.171

Yeah. But this milk is like a snack for the placenta. What it really needs is blood. So at this point, about two weeks into the pregnancy, the placenta goes on the offensive. By now, it's actually latched onto the side of the uterus.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

743.161

And what you start to see is this push and pull where the placenta keeps digging, digging, digging.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

88.117

You're listening to Radiolab.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

949.509

is just getting started. Week five goes by, then week six, week seven, the embryos growing eyes, ears, bones.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

959.812

Meanwhile, the placenta is digging, digging, digging, trying to get to the blood to get this thing more nutrients. But the placenta just can't break through.

Radiolab

Everybody's Got One

983.219

Specifically, one trick called PP13. It's a protein that Harvey says creates a diversion.